Bone Formation And Growth Flashcards

1
Q

What 3 components is bone tissue made up of and what are the %’s?

A

Water- 25%
Protein- 25%
Minerals- 50%

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2
Q

Name the 2 types of bone tissue

A

Compact and spongy

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3
Q

Name the 4 different types of bone cells

A
  • Osteoprogenitor
  • Osteoblasts
  • Osteocytes
  • Osteoclasts
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4
Q

What process causes born formation?

A

Ossification

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5
Q

What is metaphysis?

A

This is where bone grows from

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6
Q

Where does intramembranous ossification occur?

A

Occurs within fibrous membranes of the embryo, fetus, child and adult. At the site where bone develops, mesenchymal cells cluster and become vascularised.

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7
Q

What are mesenchymal cells?

A

Stellate cells located between the ectoderm and endoderm of young embryos

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8
Q

What do mesenchymal cells differentiate into?

A

Osteoprogenitor cells, then osteoblasts.

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9
Q

A cluster of osteoblasts are also known as…

A

An ossification centre

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10
Q

What do osteoblasts secrete?

A

They secrete the organic matrix of the bone, until they are surrounded by it.

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11
Q

When osteoblasts are covered by the organic matrix, what are they now called?

A

They are now called osteocytes

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12
Q

Why is it vital for women who are pregnant to consume vitamin D?

A

If a women doesn’t have a big supply of Vitamin D and Calcium, the fetus can become parasitic and will steal the nutrients from the mother. This can cause the mothers body to suffer

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13
Q

When does the human growth hormone activate?

A

After 2 years

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14
Q

What is the epiphyseal plate?

A
  • A thick layer of cartilage within the metaphysis.
  • It separates the epiphysis (end) from the diaphysis (shaft) of the bone.
  • It has a proliferation of cartilage, which calcifies. This results in the elongation of the diaphysis
  • Growth is equal at each end of the shaft
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15
Q

When is ossification of the posterior fontanelle complete?

A

6 weeks

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16
Q

What are osteoblasts?

A

They are cells which mature and form as bone. They are no longer capable of cell division (convert to osteocytes)