Blood Pathology

Question 1

Hematology

Answer 1

The branch of medicine specializing in treatment of diseases and conditions of the blood. Physician is a ‘hematologist.’

Question 2

Blood Clot

Answer 2

The hard collection of fibrin, blood cells, and tissue debris that is the end result of hemostasis or the blood-clotting process

Question 3

Coagulate

Answer 3

To convert from a liquid to a gel or solid, as in blood coagulation

Question 4

Dyscrasia

Answer 4

A general term indicating the presence of a disease affecting blood

Question 5

Hematoma

Answer 5

The collection of blood under the skin as the result of blood escaping into the tissue from damaged blood vessels. Commonly referred to as a ‘bruise.’

Question 6

Hemorrhage

Answer 6

Rapid flow of blood

Question 7

Hemophilia

Answer 7

Hereditary blood disease in which blood-clotting time is prolonged due to a lack of one vital clotting factor. It is transmitted by a sex-linked trait from females to males, appearing almost exclusively in males

Question 8

Hyperlipidemia

Answer 8

Condition of having too high a level of lipids such as cholesterol in the bloodstream. A risk factor for developing atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease

Question 9

Pancytopenia

Answer 9

Having too few of all cells

Question 10

Septicemia

Answer 10

Having bacteria or their toxins in the blood-stream. Sepsis is a term that means putrefaction or infection. Commonly referred to as ‘blood poisoning.’

Question 11

Anemia

Answer 11

A large group of conditions characterized by a reduction in the number of red blood cells or the amount of hemoglobin in the blood; results in less oxygen reaching the tissues

Question 12

Aplastic Anemia

Answer 12

Severe form of anemia that develops as a consequence of loss of functioning red bone marrow. Results in a decrease in the number of all the formed elements. Treatment may eventually require a bone marrow transplant

Question 13

Erythrocytosis

Answer 13

The condition of having too many red blood cells

Question 14

Erythropenia

Answer 14

The condition of having too few red blood cells

Question 15

Hemolytic Anemia

Answer 15

An anemia that develops as the result of the destruction of erythrocytes

Question 16

Hemolytic Reaction

Answer 16

The destruction of a patient’s erythrocytes that occurs when receiving a transfusion of an incompatible blood type. Also called a ‘transfusion reaction.’

Question 17

Hypochromic Anemia

Answer 17

Anemia resulting from having insufficient hemoglobin in the erythrocytes. Named because the hemoglobin molecule is responsible for the dark red color of the erythrocytes

Question 18

Iron-Deficiency Anemia

Answer 18

Anemia resulting from not having sufficient iron to manufacture hemoglobin

Question 19

Pernicious Anemia (PA)

Answer 19

Anemia associated with insufficient absorption of vitamin B-12 by the digestive system. Vitamin B-12 is necessary for erythrocyte production

Question 20

Polycythemia Vera

Answer 20

Production of too many red blood cells by the bone marrow. Blood becomes too thick to easily flow through the blood vessels

Question 21

Sickle Cell Anemia

Answer 21

A genetic disorder in which erythrocytes take on an abnormal curved or “sickle” shape. These cells are fragile and are easily damaged, leading to a hemolytic anemia

Question 22

Thalassemia

Answer 22

A genetic disorder in which the body is unable to make functioning hemoglobin, resulting in anemia

Question 23

Leukemia

Answer 23

Cancer of the white blood cell-forming red bone marrow resulting in a large number of abnormal and immature white blood cells circulating in the blood

Question 24

Leukocytosis

Answer 24

The condition of having too many white blood cells

Question 25

Leukopenia

Answer 25

The condition of having too few white blood cells

Question 26

Thrombocytosis

Answer 26

The condition of having too many platelets

Question 27

Thrombopenia

Answer 27

The condition of having too few platelets