What is the 45% of blood?
Rbc WBC thrombocytes
What is 55% of bloods composition and what does it contain?
Plasma-
H20-90%
8% protein
Albumin -60% - osmotic, buffer ph, carrier protein
Globulin - 36% - transport protein, antibodies
Clotting proteins 4% - prothrombin
2% dissolved materials
Characteristics of blood?
Sticky opaque salty Color depends on o2 7.35/45 ph 37/37° 8% of weight 4-5L women 5-6L men
What are the functions of blood?
Transport/ distribution of
02, nurtients, waste, hormones
Regulations of
Temp ph volume(bp)
Structure &function of erythrocytes?
Biconcave No nucleus Lose orgs when mature Use anaerobic respiration Flexible skeleton squeeze through capillaries Adapted 4 gas transport Iron binds with 02 Globin binds with co2
Hemoglobin structure?
2 alpha 2 beta Heme on each chain Iron on each heme can bind to o2 125000000 molecules hb/rbc Each rbc can carry a billion o2
Where does hematopoiesis take place?
Red bone barrow
- girdle of axial
- proxy epiphysis of hum/fem
Phases in development of rbc?
Hemocytoblast Proerthroblast Early erythroblast ribosome synth Late erythroblast hb synthesis Normoblast Reticulocyte - ejection of nucleus Erythrocyte
What stimulates erythropoiesis?
Erythropoietin in response to hypoxia
Causes rapid maturation and release of erythrocytes
What does erythropoietin require?
B12 and follic acid for iron absorption
Iron for heme synthesis
Amino acids for globin synthesis
Destruction of RBC?
100-120 days Fragile and hb degenerates Macrophages in spleen engulf rbc No nucleus means no repairing Heme and globin separated
The globin of old rbc is used for what?
Amino acids use to synthesize new proteins
What causes hypoxia
Low o2 carrying capacity
O2 levels can’t support norm metabolism
Fatigue paleness shortness of breath chills
Types of anemia due to ⬇️ Erythrocyte Hemorrhagic anemia Hemolytic anemia Aplastic anemia Lack of epo
Loss of blood
Rbc rupture premature
Destruction/inhibition of rbm
Kidney failure
Anemia due to low hemoglobin?
Iron deficiency anemia
Pernicious anemia
Inadequate diet impaired fe absorb
Lack of insintric factors
Anemia due to abnormal hb?
Sickle cell anemia
Thalassemias
Hb rigid, defective gene code, sickle shaped can’t pass through capillaries
Absent globin chain
Rbc thin delegate and deficient of hb
Polycythemia
excessive rbc ⬆️ viscosity
Characteristics of leukocytes
1% blood volume
Blood for transport
Move out of capillaries by diapedesis
Nucleus
Neutrophil
Granulocyte Most numerous Multilobed Lilac granules--> hydro lyric enzymes First responders to infection Strongly phagocytic
Eosinophils
Parasitic infections
Weak phagocytize release hydrolytic enzymes
Coarse pink granules
Moderate immune responses
Basophils
Granulocyte
Rarest
Large purple black granules have histamine–> inflam chem which vasodilator and attracts WBC to inflamed
Release heparin an anticoagulant
Lymphocytes
Large purple nuclei with rim of blue
Lymphoid tissue/ blood
T cells initiate immune response
B cells produce antibodies
Monocytes
Largest Pale blue cytoplasm Purple u shaped nuclei Macrophages that phagocytize invaders Agranulocyte
Leukopoesis?
Production of WBC Stimulated by messengers from marrow and mature WBC Originate from hemocytoblasts Lymphoid produces lymphocytes Myeloid produces everything else Lifespan varies
Thrombocytes and platelets characteristics
Small fragments of megakaryocytes
Formination regulated by thrombopoieten
5-9 days
Initiate hemostasis
What do thrombocytes look like?
Purple granules out region is blue
What do thrombocyte granules contain?
Serotonin Calcium Enzymes Adp Platelet deceived growth factor