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Flashcards in Block 4 Exam Deck (38)
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1
Q

Explain the requirements for VOR checks and the 3 ways you can complete a check

A
  • 91.171 - Must be maintained, checked and inspected under an approved procedure, or has been operationally check within 30 days and was found to be within limits
  • TO CHECK:
    1. Dual VORs
    2. Airport test signal (VOT) or ground checkpoints
    3. Airborne checkpoints
2
Q

What are the 3 types of NDB Facilities and their SSVs?

A

HH (High Homing) - 75nm
H (Homing) - 50nm
MH (Middle Homing) - 25nm

3
Q

What are the 2 NDB Compass Locator (ILS) facilities and their SSV?

A
  • LOM (Locator Outer Marker)
  • LMM (Locator Middle Marker)
  • 15nm for both, considered LOW homing
4
Q

How does a conventional VOR determine a/c location?

A
  • 2 signals sent out that coordinate you location on one of the 360 radials
  • 1st signal pinpoints the radial you are on
  • 2nd signal determines whether you are TO/FR the station
5
Q

Why is it important to know the VOR Standard Service Volumes?

A
  • It is the range in which you are gaurunteed a reliable reception without interference
6
Q

What are the 3 classes of VORs?

A
  1. Terminal (T)
  2. Low (L)
  3. High (H)
7
Q

What is the SSV of a Terminal (T) VOR?

A
  • Least Powerful
  • 1,000’-12,000’ AGL
  • 25nm Radius
8
Q

What is the SSV of a Low (L) VOR?

A
  • 1,000’-18,000’ AGL

- 40nm Radius

9
Q

What is the SSV of a High (H) VOR?

A
  • 4 Separate “Shelves”
  • 1,000’-14,500’ AGL, 40nm Radius
  • 14,500’-18,000’ AGL, 100nm Radius
  • 18,000’-45,000’ AGL, 130nm Radius
  • 45,000’-60,000’ AGL, 100nm Radius
10
Q

Where will the HSI’s indication flag always point?

A

THE STATION (like an RMI)

11
Q

What will occur in the zone of ambiguity?

A

Your TO/FR flag indication will disappear, as you are crossing a radial that is exactly 90 degrees from the course you have set!

12
Q

What occurs in the cone of confusion?

A

The deflection needle will jump back and forth rapidly, as you are flying directly over the station!

13
Q

What does the range of a VOR depend on? What can interfere with VOR transmission?

A
  • “Line of Sight”
  • Terrain
  • Location of the facility
  • Class of the facility
14
Q

What is a good way to combat VOR needle sensitivity and remain on the proper course as you approach a VOR station?

A
  • HOLD YOUR HEADING!
15
Q

What is an RMI?

A

Radio Magnetic Indicator…essentially a heading indicator with needles that point to and from different NAVAIDS

16
Q

What is a rule of thumb for TRACKING a VOR when you are blown off course?

A
  • Double the degrees you are blown off course and correct for that to get the best heading to turn to intercepting your course again
17
Q

Describe HOMING to a VOR?

A
  • Simply keeping the head of the RMI needle lined up with your heading
18
Q

LOW frequency navaids/equipment are subject to more ____ than those that use high frequency.

A
  • Interference
19
Q

What types of Interference can affect low frequency NDBs?

A
  1. Shoreline Effect
  2. Nighttime
  3. etc
20
Q

What is the SSV for a Localizer?

A
  • 2 “Shelves”
  • 35 degrees either side of centerline, extends up runway for 10nm
  • 10 degrees either side of centerline, extends up runway for 18nm
21
Q

What is the standard WIDTH of a Localizer?

A
  • 3-6 degrees, varies, not published

- Beam is always 700ft wide at the Threshold

22
Q

How does a DME determine a/c location from the station?

A
  • A/c (airborne) sends signal to receiver (ground), the station transponder interrogates the signal and then sends it back to the a/c
  • The TIME it takes for the a/c to receive the signal back is measured and used to determine a/c location from the station
    (timing of radio pulses)
23
Q

What is Slant Range?

A

The distance between the AIRBORNE a/c and the station on the ground

24
Q

How does Slant Range error change with proximity to the ground station?

A
  • As the a/c gets close the the station, Slant Range Error will increase due to the vertical distance to the station remaining the same with altitude, while horizontal distance from the station decreases with proximity
25
Q

Will Slant Range Error increase or decrease as you fly further away from the station?

A

DECREASE!

26
Q

What does 91.205 state about radio navigation above FL240?

A
  • A/c flying at or above FL240 are required to be DME equipped for VOR navigation
27
Q

What are the 3 major parts of an Instrument Landing System (ILS)?

A
  1. Localizer
  2. Glideslope
  3. Marker Beacons
28
Q

What information does a Localizer on an ILS provide?

A
  • Left/Right Guidance
  • Based on ONE single fixed course (I followed by three letter identifier)
  • Very sensitive (only 2.5 degrees of deflection indicated on either side)
29
Q

What information does a Glideslope on an ILS provide?

A
  • Vertical Guidance (Up/Down)
  • 1.4 degrees wide (0.7 degrees deflection indicated on either side)
  • Based off an antenna located on the side of the runway
30
Q

What errors are associated with the Glideslope on an ILS?

A
  • False Glideslope that can be encountered/picked up at high angels above the station
  • Always intercept the glideslope from UNDERNEATH
31
Q

What information do Marker Beacons on an ILS provide?

A
  • Outer, Middle, and Inner Markers
  • Beam shoots up vertically and transmit Morse code identifier and blinking box on PFD when your a/c is passing over the marker
  • Provides location for a brief moment
32
Q

When is Slant Range Distance negligible?

A

When the a/c is 1nm+ FROM the ground facility for each 1,000’ of altitude above it’s field elevation

33
Q

Where do you find the published VOR checks?

A

AF/D

34
Q

When is a VOR check required?

A

For IFR flight using VOR as the means of radio navigation

35
Q

How would you complete a VOR check using Dual VORs?

A
  • Compare 2 independent VOR receivers installed in the same a/c against each other
  • Tune and center both receivers to the same VOR ground facility
  • Bearing readings should be within +/-4 degrees
36
Q

How would you complete a VOR check using an airport test signal (VOT)?

A
  • Tune to the VOT frequency
  • Center the course deviation indicator (CDI)
  • OBS should read 0 w/ a FROM indication, and 180 degrees with the OBS showing a TO indication
  • If not, the maximum bearing error is +/-4 degrees
37
Q

How would you complete a VOR check using ground checkpoints?

A
  • Physically position the a/c on the checkpoint
  • Checkpoint will indicate the radial from the VOR which the bearing error is to be calculated
  • Tune the receiver to the checkpoint’s VOR and the radial
  • Bearing readings should be within +/-4 degrees
38
Q

How would you complete a VOR check using airborne checkpoints?

A

Fly over the designated checkpoint while tuned into its assigned radial - deflection should be within +/- 6 degrees