Bleeding and Shock

Question 1

Arteries

Answer 1

Carry blood away from the heart
under great deal of pressure during heart contraction
has thick, muscular wall enabling it to dilate or constrict

Question 2

Capillaries

Answer 2

microscopically small supplying all cells of the body with O2 and Nutrients. waste and CO2 are exchanged

Question 3

Veins

Answer 3

carry blood back to the heart
have one-way valves preventing backflow of blood
blood is under much less pressure

Question 4

function of blood

Answer 4

Transport of gases
nutrients 
excretion
protection 
regulation

Question 5

Perfusion

Answer 5

supply of oxygen to, and removal of waste from, the body’s cells and tissues as a result of the flow of blood through the capillaries

Question 6

hypoperfusion

Answer 6

body’s inability to adequately circulate blood to the body’s cells to supply them with oxygen and nutrients (shock)

Question 7

Hemorrhage

Answer 7

severe bleeding

major cause of shock in trauma

Question 8

External Bleeding

Answer 8

bleeding is anticipated or discovered
must use Standard Precautions 
Arterial Bleeding
Venous Bleeding
Capillary Bleeding

Question 9

Arterial Bleeding

Answer 9

bright red in color (O2 rich)

rapid and profuse, spurting with heartbeat

Question 10

Venous Bleeding

Answer 10

dark red or maroon (deoxygenated)
steady flow usually easy to control
low pressure
if large enough may suck in air or debris possibly resulting in an embolism

Question 11

Capillary Bleeding

Answer 11

slow and oozing
low pressure
usually minor and easily controlled

Question 12

Pressure dressing

Answer 12

bulky dressing held in position with a tightly wrapped bandage, which applies pressure to help control bleeding

Question 13

hemostatic agents

Answer 13

substances applies as powders, dressings, gauze, or bandages to open wounds to stop bleeding

Question 14

Direct pressure

Answer 14

most common and effective way to control external bleeding

Question 15

Elevation

Answer 15

has never been proven to decrease bleeding but if it can be done quickly and easily it makes sense to employ this method

Question 16

Tourniquet

Answer 16

device used for bleeding control that constricts all blood flow to and from an extremity

Question 17

Splinting

Answer 17

stabilizing broken bones will prevent further damage

Question 18

Cold application

Answer 18

traditional method

cold minimizes swelling and reduces the bleeding by constricting the blood vessels

Question 19

Epistaxis

Answer 19

Nosebleed
sit down and lean forward
apply direct pressure to fleshy portion of nostrils
keep calm
do not lean back
if unconscious or unable to control airway put in recovery positon and provide suction and aggressive airway management

Question 20

Internal Bleeding

Answer 20

Damage to internal organs and large blood vessels
blood loss cannot be seen
severe internal blood loss may even occur from injuries to the extremities.

Question 21

Compensated Shock

Answer 21

body senses the decrease in perfusion and attempts to compensate for it
patient will have increased HR and increased respirations

Question 22

Decompensated Shock

Answer 22

body can no longer compensate for low blood volume or lack of perfusion. late signs of shock, such as falling BP

Question 23

Irreversible Shock

Answer 23

Exists when body has lost battle to maintain perfusion to organ systems. cell damage occurs, especially in liver and kidneys.
even if adequate vital signs can be restored, patient may die days later du
“¿¿aged organs

Question 24

Hypovolemic Shock

Answer 24

shock resulting from blood or fluid lose

Question 25

Cardiogenic Shock

Answer 25

may develop in patients suffering a MI
develops from inadequate pumping of blood by heart
CHF may also cause shock
watch for low BP, pedal edema and other signs of heart failure

Question 26

Neurogenic Shock

Answer 26

result from uncontrolled dilation of blood vessels due to nerve paralysis cuased by spinal cord injuries
dilation of blood vessels increases circulatory systems capacity to the point where available blood can no longer fill
sepsis (massive infection) or anaphylactic reaction, vasodilation may also cause shock