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9th Grade > Biology: Meiosis and Genetics > Flashcards

Biology: Meiosis and Genetics Flashcards

1
Q

Meiosis

A

type of cell division that produces four cells, each with half as many chromosomes as the parent cell

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2
Q

Karyotype

A

display of a person 46 chromosomes

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3
Q

Homologous Chromosomes

A

each of the matching pair of chromosomes, one inherited from each parent

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4
Q

Sex Chromosome

A

one of two chromosome sod the 23rd pair of human chromosomes, which determine an individuals gender

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5
Q

Diploid

A

(2n) having two homologous sets of chromosomes

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6
Q

Gametes

A

egg or sperm cell that contains single set of chromosomes, one from each homologous pair

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7
Q

Haploid

A

(n) having a single set of chromosomes

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8
Q

Fertilization

A

the fusion of the nuclei and cytoplasm of a haploid sperm cell and a haploid egg cell, forming a diploid zygote

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9
Q

Zygote

A

diploid cell formed when nucleus of a haploid sperm cell fuses with the nucleus of a haploid egg cell

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10
Q

Tetrad

A

group of four chromatids formed during prophase I of meiosis by the two sister chromatids in each of the two homologous chromosomes

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11
Q

Crossing Over

A

exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes during prophase I of meiosis

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12
Q

Genetic Recombination

A

new combination of genetic information in a gamete as a result of crossing over during prophase I of meiosis

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13
Q

Meiosis I

A

splitting the homologous chromosomes

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14
Q

Prophase I

A

same as mitosis, homologous chromosomes are going ton pair up and connect making tetrads, crossing over

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15
Q

Metaphase I

A

Tetrads are going to line up in the middle

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16
Q

Anaphase I

A

Homologous chromosomes are separated and pulled to opposite ends of the cell by the spindle

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17
Q

Telophase I and Cytokinesis

A

same as mitosis, two haploid cells are formed, chromosomes are still duplicated

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18
Q

Meiosis II

A

splitting sister chromatids

19
Q

Prophase II

A

same as mitosis

20
Q

Metaphase II

A

chromosomes line up in the center of the cell

21
Q

Anaphase II

A

sister chromatids separate

22
Q

Genetics

A

study of heredity

23
Q

Cross Fertilization

A

process by which sperm from one flowers pollen fertilizes the eggs in a flower of a different plant

24
Q

Hybrid

A

offspring of two different true breeding varieties

25
Q

Monohybrid Cross

A

mating two organisms that differ in only one character

26
Q

Allele

A

alternate form of a gene

27
Q

Homozygous

A

having identical alleles for a gene

28
Q

Heterozygous

A

having different alleles for a gene

29
Q

Dominant

A

descriptive of an allele in a heterozygous individual that appears to be the only one affecting a trait

30
Q

Recessive

A

descriptive of an allele in a heterozygous individual that does not appear to affect the trait

31
Q

Punnett Square

A

diagram showing the probability of the possible outcomes of a genetic cross

32
Q

Phenotype

A

observable traits of an organism

33
Q

Genotypes

A

genetic makeup of an organism; an organisms combination of alleles

34
Q

Testcross

A

mating of an individual of unknown genotype but dominant phenotype with a homozygous recessive individual

35
Q

Dihybrid Cross

A

mating of two organisms that differ in two characters

36
Q

Incomplete Dominance

A

when the heterozygous genotype has a phenotype is a mix of the two parents phenotypes

37
Q

Codominance

A

inheritance pattern in which a heterozygote expresses the distinct traits of both alleles

38
Q

Polygenic Inheritance

A

combined effect of two or more genes on a single character

39
Q

Principle of Independent Assortment

A

alleles for different traits are passed on seperately

40
Q

Genetic Linkage

A

tendency for alleles of genes on the same chromosome to be inherite together

41
Q

Sex-Linked Gene

A

gene located on a sex chromosome

42
Q

Principle of Segregation

A

During the production of gametes the two copies of each heredity factor segregate so that offspring acquire one factor from each parent.

43
Q

Blending Hypothesis

A

An individuals phenotype is the result of the blending of the phenotypes of its parents.

44
Q

Particulate inheritance

A

Characteristics can be passed from generation to generation through genes.

9th Grade (19 decks)

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