Biology: A Tour of the Cell Study Guide Flashcards

1
Q

Prokaryotic cell

A

example bacteria, no nucellus, no organelles except ribosomes, little complexity, very small

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2
Q

Eukaryotic cell

A

example plant or animal, nucleus, contains organelles, more complexity and specializations due to organelles, larger

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3
Q

Light Microscope

A

View live specimens 1000X

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4
Q

Scanning Electron Microscope(SEM)

A

allows you to see outer surface of specimen, 50,000-100,000X

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5
Q

Transmission Electron Microscope(TEM)

A

allows your o view inside of specimen, 50,000-100,000X

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6
Q

Cell Wall

A

strong wall outside plasma membrane, protects plant cell and keeps its shape

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7
Q

Cell(plasma) membrane

A

made of phospholipid bilayer, surround, controls what goes in and out of the cell

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8
Q

Nucleus

A

surrounded by membrane and contains DNA and nucleolus, holds genetic material in form of DNA

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9
Q

Cytoplasm

A

region of cell between nucleus and plasma membrane, has various organelles suspended in fluid

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10
Q

Organelle

A

any of a number of organized or specialized structures within a living cell

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11
Q

Phospholipid Bilayer

A

two layers of phospholipid, hydrophilic head faces outside of membrane but hydrophobic tails stay in middle

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12
Q

Semi-Permeable

A

certain things can go through membrane

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13
Q

Membrane Protein

A

A protein that is attached to or associated with a membrane

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14
Q

Diffusion

A

materials move from high to low concentration to reach equilibrium

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15
Q

Equilibrium

A

same concentration on both sides of membrane

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16
Q

Passive Transport

A

requires no energy, materials move through membrane passively

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17
Q

Facilitated Diffusion

A

movement of larger molecules through a protein channel into cell. Does not require energy because materials move from high to low concentration

18
Q

Osmosis

A

the tendency of a fluid, usually water, to pass through a semipermeable membrane into a solution where the solvent concentration is higher, thus equalizing the concentrations of materials on either side of the membrane

19
Q

Hypertonic

A

a solution which contains more solvent than solute

20
Q

Hypotonic

A

a solution which contains more solute than solvent

21
Q

Isotonic

A

a solution in which the solute and solvent are equally distributed–a cell normally wants to remain in an isotonic solution, where the concentration of the liquid inside of it equals the concentration of the liquid outside of it

22
Q

Active Transport

A

requires energy to work. Energy comes from molecule called ATP

23
Q

Concentration Gradient

A

the gradual difference in concentration of a dissolved substance in a solution between a region of high density and one of lower density

24
Q

Exocytosis

A

When materials are egested(IN)(waste) or secreted(OUT)(useful particles). The vacuole or vesicle will fuse with the membrane, releasing its contents to the outside of the cell

25
Q

Endocytosis

A

When materials are ingested(IN). The cell membrane forms a pocket around the food particle. This pocket turns into a food vacuole

26
Q

Nucleolus

A

ball like mass of fibers and granules, contains ribosomes

27
Q

Vacuole

A

membrane bound sac, stores and provides structure for plants. IN BOTH CELLS

28
Q

ER

A

Transporting and sometimes modifying proteins and lipids

29
Q

Smooth ER

A

Enzymes, build lipid molecules

30
Q

Rough ER

A

has ribosomes, packages proteins made by ribosomes

31
Q

Golgi Body

A

series of flatten sacs/tubes, modifies stores routes proteins and other chemical proteins to destination

32
Q

Vesicle

A

small sac

33
Q

Lysosome

A

membrane bound sacs, digestive enzymes that break down proteins nucleic acids and polysaccurides

34
Q

Mitochondria

A

cellular organelle, where cellular respiration occurs

35
Q

Chlorplast

A

organelle found in plant cell that green and contains chlorophyll, photosynthesis occurs there

36
Q

Cytoskeleton

A

a microscopic network of protein filaments and tubules in the cytoplasm of many living cells, giving them shape and coherence

37
Q

Microfilament

A

narrow tubelike cell structure composed of a protein similar to actin, occurring singly and in bundles, involved in cytoplasmic movement and changes in cell shape

38
Q

Microtubule

A

a hollow cylindrical structure in the cytoplasm of most cells, involved in intracellular shape and transport

39
Q

Cilia

A

hair like, cause movement

40
Q

Flagella

A

help move

41
Q

Explain the three parts of the cell theory

A
  • all living things are made up of cells
  • the cell is basic unit of structure and function
  • reproduces like cells from preexisting cells