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Molecules and Cells (Unit 1) > Bioenergetics > Flashcards

Flashcards in Bioenergetics Deck (27)
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1
Q

ATP/ ADP are what type of molecule

A

Phosphoric Acid Anhydrates

2
Q

Three stages of extraction of energy from foodstuffs

A

Catabolism of macromolecule→Acetyl CoA→ Citric Acid Cycle

3
Q

Less chemical energy= ____stable

A

More

4
Q

Standard free energy change (Temp, Pressure, Concentration

A

25º C, 1 atm, 1 M

5
Q

Gibbs free energy equation

A

ΔGº = ΔHº-TΔSº

6
Q

List order of Standard Free Energies of Hydrolysis of Phosphorylated Compounds

A
  1. Phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP)
  2. 1,3-Bisphophoglycerate
  3. Phosphocreatine
  4. ADP
  5. Acetyl-CoA
  6. ATP
  7. Glucose 3- phosphate
7
Q

Creatine Phosphate has why type of high energy bond?

A

Guanidinium Phosphates

8
Q

Enzymes speed up reactions by lowering____

A

The activation energy

9
Q

Is ATP or ADP more stable?

A

ADP

10
Q

Creatine phosphate is used as _____donor. It remains around___mM in muscle.

A

Phosphoryl; 30

11
Q

Second Law of thermodynamics

A

Systems tend toward disorder

12
Q

1,3 bisphosphoglycerate is what type of bond

A

Acyl Phosphate (Phospho-carboxy anhydride)

13
Q

Mass action

A

Push towards equilibruim, as result of the addition or removal of particaipant in the equilibruim

14
Q

Range for “mass action” effects

A

+3 and -3 kcal/mol

15
Q

Activated carriers

A

molecules that can be split (C→ A + B) to release free energy but only if there is an excess of C relative to its equilibrium concnetration.

Key examples are ATP, GTP, NADH, FADH , and NADPH.

16
Q

Ways of Regulating Metabolic Processes

A

Amount of enzymes, Catalytic activity of enzymes, Post-translational modification, Compartmentalization

17
Q

Energy Charge

A

Measure of all energy in a cell

18
Q

Catabolism

A

Break down of macromolecules

19
Q

Examples of Phosphoric acid Anhydrides

A

ATP/ADP

20
Q

Draw ATP structure

A

ATP

21
Q

Define and distinguish ΔGº and ΔG. Equation

A

ΔGº = for unmixed reactants and products @ equilibrium

ΔG= for mixed reactants and products at equilibruim

22
Q

Anabolism

A

Build up of macromolecules

23
Q

Metabolism

A

Maintains balance

24
Q

Acetyl CoA has what type of high energy bonds

A

Thioester

25
Q

G in relation to Keq

A

G<0; Keq>1

G>0; Keq<1

26
Q

The chemical energy of a compound is affected by __, ___, and __.

A

Bond strain, resonance forms, and steric effects

27
Q

Phosphoenolpyruvate is what type of bond?

A

Enol Phosphate