Berlin, Cuba and Czechoslovakia Flashcards Preview

GCSE History- cold war > Berlin, Cuba and Czechoslovakia > Flashcards

Flashcards in Berlin, Cuba and Czechoslovakia Deck (22)
Loading flashcards...
1
Q

In what year was the Berlin wall constructed?

A

1961

2
Q

What were the key causes of the Berlin Crisis? (Berlin Wall)

A
  • East Germans fleeing.
  • West Germany joining NATO in 1955 and being rich.
  • The Berlin Ultimatum and Vienna Summit.
  • Increased defence spending (by $3.5 billion by Kennedy, 30% by Khrushchev.)
3
Q

What were the key features of the Berlin crisis? (Berlin Wall)

A
  • 3 million people crossing from east to west in 1946-1960 due to bad economies.
  • High standard of living in the west contrasted massively with that of the east.
4
Q

What were the consequences of the Berlin Crisis? (Berlin Wall)

A
  • Flow of refugees reduced to a trickle.
  • Western nations had a propaganda victory as it seemed that communists had to put up a wall to stop their citizens leaving.
  • Wall became symbol of division in the world.
  • Huge difficulties for German people- families split.
5
Q

What was issued by Khrushchev in 1958?

A

The Berlin Ultimatum.

6
Q

In what years was the Cuban Missile crisis?

A

1962

7
Q

When did Castro become president of Cuba?

A

1958

8
Q

What were the key causes of the Cuban Missile crisis?

A
  • Castro coming into power.
  • Cuba becoming close with the USSR.
  • Khrushchev sent military supplies to Cuba
  • The U-2 spy plane taking pictures of a missile site on Cuba.
9
Q

When did the crisis peak?

A

October 1962 (the Thirteen Days)

10
Q

What were the key features of the Cuban Missile crisis?

A
  • The naval blockade.
  • Crisis nearly started a war.
  • Khrushchev puts soviet missiles in Cuba.
  • Crisis was solved by a deal between superpowers.
11
Q

What were the consequences of the Cuban Missile crisis?

A
  • Kennedy’s status and prestige increased.
  • Khrushchev humiliated and was removed in 1964.
  • Hotline telephone link set up.
  • The partial test ban treaty signed.
  • Began trading with each other.
  • The Nuclear Non- proliferation treaty in 1968.
  • SALT began.
12
Q

When was the Czechoslovakian crisis?

A

1968

13
Q

What were the causes of the Czech crisis?

A
  • Memories of brutal murder of Jan Masryk.
  • The Czech leader (Antonin Novotny) was a hard line communist who refused to introduce reforms, even Khrushchev’s de-Stalinisation policy.
  • The poor economy.
  • Many Czechs wanting democracy.
14
Q

What were the key features of the Czech crisis?

A
  • Prague Spring reforms.

- Soviets invading Czechoslovakia.

15
Q

What were the consequences of the Czech crisis?

A
  • Demonstrations against the Soviets until April 1969.
  • The Czech communist part purged.
  • Dubcek forced to resign.
  • The Brezhnev Doctrine.
  • Some communist countries began moving away from Moscow.
  • Worsened relations between east and west, but détente continued.
16
Q

What were the Prague Spring reforms and who were they introduced by?

A
  • Were introduced by Dubcek.
  • reforms were; censorship of press was ended, other political parties apart from the Communist party allowed and some political prisoners were released.
17
Q

Who became the Communist Party Secretary in Czechoslovakia in 1967?

A

Alexander Dubcek.

18
Q

What did these reforms represent in terms of tensions?

A

The easing of tensions between the east and west after the Missile crisis.

19
Q

How did America react to the Czech crisis?

A

They did nothing- they were busy fighting the Vietnam War.

20
Q

What did the end of the Prague Spring show?

A

That the soviet leadership would not tolerate reform in its satellite states.

21
Q

What was the Brezhnev Doctrine?

A

That a threat to a communist country was a threat to all and that force would be used whenever necessary to keep the soviet satellites under soviet control.

22
Q

What was the Bay of Pigs?

A
  • US sent Cuban exiles to fight communism in Cuba in 1961
  • 1400 exiles vs 20000 army
  • Humiliating defeat
  • Soviets became friends with Cuba