BB Ch30 - Animal Models in Research Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in BB Ch30 - Animal Models in Research Deck (36)
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1
Q
  1. Analogous processes relate
A

one structure or process to another

2
Q
  1. Homologous processes reflect
A

counterpart genetic sequences

3
Q
  1. Animal models characterized by: normal animals with physiologic mechanisms similar to those of humans or abnormal animals that arise naturally through mutation(s) are called:
A

spontaneous

4
Q
6. Name the common animal model with their disease:
BB Wistar rats
Wantanabe rabbits
New Zealand Black/White mice	
Gunn rat
SCID mice
A

BB Wistar rats – type I diabetes mellitus
Wantanabe rabbits – hypercholesterolemia
New Zealand Black/White mice – autoimmune disease
Gunn rat – hereditary hyperbilirubinemia
SCID mice – severe combined immunodeficiency

5
Q
  1. The assay developed using X. laevis embryos and larvae to document developmental abnormalities associated with environmental chemicals is called:
A

frog embryo teratogenesis assay: Xenopus (FETAX)

6
Q
  1. Oncornavirinae, Lentivirinae, and Spumavirinae are the three subfamilies of:
A

retroviruses

7
Q
  1. This subfamily of virus is known to infect and cause cancer in multiple species:
A

ocornavirinae

8
Q
  1. This species has been used extensively for studies in development because their embryos are transparent, each clutch contains 50-100 embryos, and they are amenable to large-scale mutagenesis:
A

zebrafish

9
Q
  1. A variety of _________ have been developed to control the expression of transferred genes in transgenic animals.
A

promoters

10
Q
  1. Mice cloned from embryonic stem cells rather than from the low-passage primary cell cultures used in the past show
A

mitochondiral heterogeneity

11
Q
  1. The nematode in which multiple induced mutations were found to extend life span is:
A

Caenorhabditis elegans

12
Q
  1. Decrease in DNA telomere length and accumulation of extrachromasomal rDNA circles has been associated with
A

aging/decrease in lifespan

13
Q
  1. Mutations for the gene for this protein have been found in human families with familial Alzheimer’s disease
A

amyloid precursor protein

14
Q
  1. He perceived the defects inherent in the scholastic method practiced before him and set the tenets for what would become hypothesis testing.
A

Francis Bacon

15
Q
  1. Serendipity contributes to important discoveries: the cause of beriberi was discovered to be a deficiency of this vitamin after chickens fed polished boiled rice developed a similar condition.
A

thiamin

16
Q
  1. This method for predicting protein function looks for the correlation of protein inheritance across species.
A

phylogenetic profiling

17
Q
  1. This method for predicting protein function looks for correlation of protein domains across species.
A

Rosetta stone method

18
Q
  1. True scientific inquiry began in which country?
A

Greece

19
Q
  1. Pasteur developed the first vaccine against what disease?
A

rabies

20
Q
  1. Robert Koch developed what substance to identify infected animals and people?
A

tuberculin

21
Q
  1. The organisms that were amongst the first to have its entire genome sequenced was:
A

E. coli
yeast
Drosophila melanogaster

22
Q
  1. The standard tuberculin skin test was one of the first demonstrations of
A

cellular immunity

23
Q
  1. Knowledge of what blood factor has allowed the treatment of erythroblastosis fetalis (hemolytic disease of the newborn)?
A

Rh factor

24
Q
  1. The site of antibody-producing B cells in the chick is
A

bursa of Fabricias

25
Q
  1. The concept that early antigen exposure prevents the immune system from recognizing the antigen later as foreign is referred to as
A

acquired immunological tolerance

26
Q
  1. The genetic locus important in allograft rejection is referred to as
A

major histocompatibility locus (MHC)

27
Q
  1. This cell, discovered in the 1960s, was later found to mediate graft rejection, modulate antibody synthesis, and directly participate in the eradication of infectious agents and cancer:
A

T cell

28
Q
  1. Cells presenting MHC II molecules stimulate
A

CD4 cells

29
Q
  1. Cells presenting antigen together with MHC I molecules stimulate
A

CD 8 cells

30
Q
  1. SCID mouse immunodeficiency is due to a mutation in which gene?
A

rag1

31
Q
  1. Acute allograft rejection is mediated by
A

CD4 & CD8 cells

32
Q
  1. Apoptosis and immune tolerance are linked through the activation of immuno-regulatory mechanisms mediated by
A

inhibitory cytokines

33
Q
  1. Based on new immunologic knowledge, experimental applications of vaccines are also being developed for
A

autoimmune diseases & cancer

34
Q
  1. Genotyping family members at risk to identify candidates for disease before symptoms and using certain autoantigens, when delivered by oral route, to induce tolerance are strategies developed to combat
A

autoimmune diseases

35
Q
  1. Levamisole, developed as a cattle wormer, is now used together with 5-fluorouracil in the treatment of
A

colon cancer

36
Q
  1. Ivermectin, developed as a preventative for heartworm disease in dogs, is now being used to treat people for
A

onchocerciasis (river blindness)