BB AALA Ch20 Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in BB AALA Ch20 Deck (31)
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1
Q
  1. The Order Anura in the Class Amphibia refers to what type of animals?
A

frogs and toads

2
Q
  1. The Order Caudata in the Class Amphibia refers to what type of animals?
A

salamanders

3
Q
  1. What is the term used to describe organisms that rely on external heat sources to generate adequate body temperatures for metabolic processes?
A

poikilothermic

4
Q
  1. What temperature range is best for temperate frogs?
A

20-25 degrees C

5
Q
  1. What temperature range is best for tropical frogs?
A

25-30 degrees C

6
Q
  1. What characteristics are unique about the larvae of Xenopus and Ambystoma tigrinum?
A

They have both gills and lungs

7
Q
  1. Which characteristics are unique about the plethodontid salamanders?
A

They have neither gills nor lungs

8
Q
  1. What anatomical feature is responsible for driving respiration in amphibians?
A

buccopharyngeal cavity

9
Q
  1. Caution should be used when intubating amphibains because the trachea of most amphibians is:
A

short

10
Q
  1. What are the two basic types of skin glands in amphibians?
A

mucous and granular

11
Q
  1. What type(s) of substances are secreted by granular glands?
A

cardiotoxins

neurotoxins

pheromones

12
Q
  1. True or False: Amphibains need not be fasted before anesthesia because they cannot vomit.
A

False

13
Q
  1. How long should larger, vertebrate eating amphibians be fasted?
A

7 days

14
Q
  1. What type of anesthesia is preferred for most amphibian species?
A

Immersion anesthesia

15
Q
  1. True or False: Hypothermia is no longer considered an adequate method of anesthesia in amphibians.
A

True

16
Q
  1. What should be considered when handling amphibians?
A

1) gloves should worn to prevent secreted toxins from affecting the handler
2) gloves should worn to prevent damage to delicate amphibian skin
3) do not hold by the tail because of autonomy - tail breakage

17
Q
  1. What is/are unacceptable route(s) of injection in amphibians?
A

subcutaneous

18
Q
  1. Which is the preferred agent for immersion anesthesia?
A

MS-222

19
Q
  1. When dissolved in water, MS-222 creates a(n) _______ solution.
A

acidic

20
Q
  1. How often should stock solutions of MS-222 be changed?
A

monthly

21
Q
  1. How does Benzocaine compare to MS-222?
A

less soluble in water than MS-222

narrower margin of safety

more potent than MS-222

22
Q
  1. True or False: The analgesic properties of clove oil mimic those of MS-222.
A

False

23
Q
  1. True or False: Propofol can induce sedation or light aneshesia, but not a plane of surgical anesthesia.
A

True

24
Q
  1. True or False: Tiletamine-zolazepam is reliable as an anesthetic agent in frogs.
A

False

25
Q
  1. Which species require higher doses of topical isoflurane?
A

toads

26
Q
  1. Concentrations of immersion anesthesia should be _____ in larval than adult amphibians.
A

lower

27
Q
  1. True or False: Depression of motor reflexes associated with administration of opioids and alpha-2 adrenergics in mammals has not been observed in amphibians.
A

True

28
Q
  1. What is the receptor activity of morphine and buprenorphine?
A

Morphine a true opioid agonist at mu receptor

Buprenorphine is partial mu agonist

29
Q
  1. What are the 4 basic behaviors amphibians demonstrate to painful stimuli?
A

startle

escape

vocalization

rubbing, wiping, biting at the source of pain

30
Q
  1. Describe the receptor activity of butorphanol.
A

partial opiate agonist/antagonist

agonist at kappa and sigma receptors

antagonist at mu receptors

31
Q
A