Bacterial Skin Diseases - Santoro Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Bacterial Skin Diseases - Santoro Deck (48)
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1
Q

Skin of cats, dogs, horses is very

A

similar

staph, micrococcus

2
Q

S. psuedintermedius, S aureas, Pasturella (esp with lesion)

A

in cats

3
Q

s aureas, s psuedointermedius, dermatophilus (most common pathogen)

A

in horses

4
Q

staph hyicus is the one that creates problems in

A

pigs!!

5
Q

physical barriers/ defense mechanisms

A

hairs
stratum corneum
lipid envelop

6
Q

chemical defenses

A

sebum

fatty acids

7
Q

immune defenses

A
lymphocytes
langerhans cells
keratinocytes
cytokines
AMPs (prod by epidermis, kill fungi/viruses)
8
Q

Microbial defenses

A

competition with normal skin flora

ex/ s. epidermidis

9
Q

pyoderma is synonymous with

A

bacterial infection

10
Q

Classifying pyoderma

A

primary v. secondary
(95% are secondary)
site (general, localized)
DEPTH (surface, superficial, deep)

11
Q

types of surface pyoderma

A
pyotraumatic dermatitis (hot spot)
skin fold pyoderma (intertrigo)
12
Q

pyotraumatic dermatitis

A

common, associated with fleas(or other problem), self induced
thick hair
warm weather
rapid onset (overnight)

13
Q

underlying problems for hot spots

A
fleas, ectoparasites
allergic skin disease
anal sac diseases
otitis externa
contact 
ocular diseases 
(anything generating excessive heat)
14
Q

therapy for pyotraumatic dermatitis

A
clip
clean (Chlorhex)
topical astringent/antiseptic (maybe)
some need steroids to help with itch
correct underlying problem
15
Q

skin fold pyoderma

A

warm, moist folds with sebum (great for bacteria/yeasts)

brachycephalic and obese animals most affected

16
Q

therapy skin fold pyoderma

A

clean

amputate tail or open folds surgically (rare)

17
Q

superficial pyoderma

A
  1. Impetigo Puppy pyoderma
  2. Bacterial folliculitis**
    - corneal/follicular pustules
18
Q

Impetigo

A

subcorneal pustules in glabrous areas, usually on the abdomen, usually INTERFOLLICULAR

19
Q

Impetigo therapy

A

clean (chlorhex)

+/- systemic abx

20
Q

Folliculitis Etiologies

A
  1. bacteria ***
  2. demodex (parasite) *
  3. Dermatophyte (fungal)
21
Q

progression of folliculitis

A
  1. inside follicle

2. rupture of hair follicle, spreads into dermis (furunculosis, deep pyoderma now)

22
Q

primary lesions of folliculitis

A

papules, pustules, erythematous macules

not commonly seen in time

23
Q

secondary lesions of folliculitis

A
*more commonly seen*
circular crusts
epidermal collarettes
scaling
alopecia
hyperpigmented macules
24
Q

where does folliculitis usually distribute

A

truncal (ventral abdomen)

25
Q

diagnosis

A
  • always r/o Demodex/dermatophyte
  • inflammatory cells (neutrophils) and bacteria on cytology
  • response to abx
  • if cytology isn’t enough and dog isn’t responding to treatment culture/biopsy
26
Q

Equine follicullitis is the most common

which bacteria?

A

equine pyoderma
dermatophilus
also staph

27
Q

dermatophilosis diseases?

A

rain scald
strawberry foot rot
rain rot
lumpy wool

28
Q

dermatophilosis

A

rainy season!
common disease
horses, cattle, sheep, goats, zoonotic!
actinomycete

29
Q

3 factors to get a dermatophilosis

A
  1. carriers (zoospores)
  2. moisture (rain or sweat)
  3. break in skin (insect* or trauma, contampinated clippers)
30
Q

clinical features of dermatophilosis

A

dorsal surface
thick paintbrush crust (painful to remove)
hair easily removed exposing pink skin
green exudate

31
Q

diagnosis

A

clin signs

cytology (railroad tracts)

32
Q

treatment dermatophilus

A
  • remove from rain
  • topical (benzoyl peroxide/ chlorhex)
  • systemic abx
33
Q

Staphalococcal Folliculitis/Furunculosis

A
  • s. aureas
  • complication in most pruritic disease
  • trunk, tail, pastern
34
Q

Saddle rash?

A

truncal folliculitis

staph

35
Q

tail pyoderma

A

staph folliculitis

36
Q

exudative epidermitis

A

(greasy pig disease)
pigs! (usually piglets)
s hyicus
toxins by staph -> exfoliation and liver/kidney disease

37
Q

deep pyoderma

A

furuncolosis

abscess/cellulitis/panniculitis

38
Q

how do you know its deep?

A

blood

39
Q

clinical signs of deep pyoderma?

A

ulcers
fistulous tracts
pustules or bulla
cellulitis

40
Q

acral lick dermatitis

A

deep pyoderma
due to underlying problem (allergy, behavioral, neural)
self induced lesion

41
Q

german shephard pyoderma

A

immune system not as great…

42
Q

pododermatitis

A

starts superficial and becomes deep

r/o demodex

43
Q

deep pyoderma therapy

A
  • abx - focus on s. aureas
  • topical antiseptic**
  • look for underlying cause
    avoid steroids!!
44
Q

abcess tx

A

drain
flush
systemic abx

45
Q

common abx for cats

A

penicillin (pastuerella bite wound)

amoxicillin

46
Q

atypical mycobacteria

A

chronic nonhealing wounds (poor response to abx)
more common in humid/warm
cats are quite susceptible
Animal is NOT sick despite draining lesions

47
Q

Juvenile pyoderma (puppy pyoderma/strangles)

A
  • edema muzzle, ears, retropharyngeal lymph nodes affected. Fever, depression, pustules
  • idiopathic! abnormal immune response
  • ## r/o demodex/infection
48
Q

juvenile pyoderma therapy

A

high dose glucocorticoid
(taper over a few weeks)
cyclosporin
abx for secondary infections