Bacterial classification Flashcards

1
Q

List gram positive rods genus(es)

A

Bacillus, Clostridium, Listeria, Cornyebacterium

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2
Q
Describe Bacillus
Size
Environment
Spores?
Aerobic/Anaerobic
A
Gram positive rod 
Large rod
Air, soil, water
Aerobic
Spore former
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3
Q

Bacillus anthracis

A

causes anthrax

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4
Q

Bacillus stearothermophilus

A

Heat resistant

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5
Q

Bacillus cereus

A

food poisoning (rice)

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6
Q
Describe Clostridium
Size
Environment
Spores?
Aerobic/Anaerobic
A

Gram positive rod
soil, water
anaerobic
produces gas

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7
Q

Clostridium perfringens

A

gas gangrene

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8
Q

Clostridium tetani

A

Tetanus

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9
Q

Clostridium botulinium

A

Food poisoning and botox

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10
Q

Describe Listeria

A

Gram positive rod
common in environment
Can grow at fridge temperature

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11
Q

Listeria monocytogenes

A

listeriosis

can cross placenta

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12
Q

Describe Cornyebacterium

A

Gram positive rod
irregular shaped rod
air, water, skin
aerobic

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13
Q

Cornyebacterium glutamicum

A

used to make glutamic acid (MSG) for crisps

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14
Q

Cornyebacterium diphtheriae

A

causes diphtheria. produces exotoxin

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15
Q

Name some gram positive cocci genuses

A

Staphlyococcus, Streptococcus,

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16
Q

Describe Staphylococcus

A

air, soil, skin
facultative anaerobe
opportunistic pathogen

17
Q

Staphylococcus aureus

A

Boils, TSS (toxic shock syndrome), endocarditis (heart valve infection), antibiotic resistance in hospitals

18
Q

Staphylococcus epidermidis

A

Medical device infection

19
Q

Describe Streptococcus

A

Air, soil, throat
facultative anaerobe
opportunistic pathogen

20
Q

Streptococcus pneumoniae

A

Bacterial pneumonia, has a capsule for protection

21
Q

Streptococcus pyogenes

A

sore throats, scarlet fever

22
Q

Name some gram negative rod genuses

A

Pseudomonas, Escherichia

23
Q

Describe Pseudomonas

A
Ubiquitous 
Aerobic 
Opportunistic pathogen
antibiotic resistant
biochemically versatile
24
Q

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

A

50% of gram negative infections
Cystic fibrosis
Conjunctivitis - contact lens contamination
Secondary infection of wounds, burns etc

25
Q

Describe Escherichia

A

soil, water, vegetation
facultative aerobe
enteric (lives in gut)

26
Q

Escherichia Coli

A

Some strains are pathogens
80% of UTIs
Infant enteritis
Cystitis

27
Q

List gram negative cocci genus(es)

A

Neisseria

28
Q

Describe Neisseria

A

Throats, air
Diplococci
Facultative anaerobe

29
Q

Neisseria meningitidis

A

Bacterial meningitis
100% mortality if untreated
<15% mortality if treated

30
Q

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

A

Most common form of STD in USA

Strictly human pathogen

31
Q

Name 3 types of bacteria that are not gram negative or gram positive

A

Mycoplasmas - no cell wall
Mycobacteria - mycolic acid cell wall
Obligate intracellular bacteria

32
Q

Mycoplasmas

examples

A
Smallest free living organisms
no cell wall 
very small genome
Mycoplasmas pneumoniae
Mycoplasmas genitalium
33
Q

Mycobacteria

examples

A

very slow growing
unusual cell wall structure - contains mycolic acid
acid-fast bacilli
stained using Ziel-Nielson stain
Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Mycobacterium leprae

34
Q

Obligately intracellular bacteria examples

A

Chlamydia
Rickettsia
Coxiella
All these bacteria must be cultivated in living tissue.

35
Q

OIB - Chlamydia

A

eg. C. trachomatis causes pelvic inflammatory disease, linked to ectopic pregnancy.

36
Q

OIB - Rickettsia

A

eg. R. prowazekii, causes typhus spread by arthropods.

37
Q

OIB - Coxiella

A

eg C. burnetti causes Q fever