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Language and Memory: Key Terms > B > Flashcards

Flashcards in B Deck (10)
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1
Q

Backward masking/masking

A

An effect, often seen in perception experiments, in which a mask or pattern presented very shortly after a stimulus and disrupts or even prevents the perception of the earlier stimulus.

2
Q

Behaviourism

A

The movement or school of psychology in which the organisms observable behaviour was the primary topic of interest, and the learning of new stimulus-response associations, whether by classical conditioning or by reinforcement principles, was deemed the most important kind of behaviour to study.

3
Q

Beliefs

A

The fifty level of analysis of language, according to Miller, in which the listener’s attitudes and beliefs about he speaker influence what is comprehended and remembered.

4
Q

Benefit/facilitation

A

Any positive or advantageous effect on processing, usually because of prior presentation of related information; in RT research, a speedup of RT due to related information.

5
Q

Beta movement

A

Illusory movement that occurs when two or more pictures are viewed in rapid succession, as in a movie.

6
Q

Bottom up processing/data driven processing

A

When mental processing of a stimulus is guided largely or exclusively by the features and elements in the pattern itself, this processing is described as being data-driven.

7
Q

Boundary extension

A

The finding that people tend to misremember more of a scene than was actually viewed, as if the boundaries of an image extended further out.

8
Q

Bridging inference

A

Clark’s (1977) term for the mental processes of reference, implication and inference during language comprehension. Metaphorically, a bridge must be drawn from ‘he’ back to ‘Gary’ to comprehend the sentence ‘Gary pretended he wasn’t interested’.

9
Q

Broca’s aphasia

A

A form of aphasia characterised by severe difficulties in producing spoken speech; that is, the speech is hesitant, effortful, and distorted phonemically (contrast with Wrnicke’s aphasia). The aphasia is caused by damage in Broca’s area, a region of the cortex net to the major motor control centre.

10
Q

Brown-Peterson Task

A

A short-term memory task showing forgetting caused by proactive interference.