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Human disease and therapeutics 2020 > Autonomics lecture 3 > Flashcards

Autonomics lecture 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Why can peripheral resistance decrease when you give epinephrine slowly and a low amount?

A

-Beta 2

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2
Q

Why can peripheral resistance increase when you give epinephrine fast and a high amount?

A

-Alpha 1 receptors

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3
Q

What does the heart rate go up when you give epinphrine?

A

-Beta 1 receptors

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4
Q

If you give epinephrine slowly and a low amount how can your diastolic pressure go down?

A

-Because of the decrease in peripheral resistance

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5
Q

What receptors do you find for norepinephrine?

A

Alpha

Beta

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6
Q

What beta receptor does norepinephrine have a higher affinity for?

A

-Beta 1

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7
Q

What does norepinephrine do to the peripheral resistance?

A

-Increase peripheral resistance

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8
Q

If a person got norpinephrine can a person have a slower HR and why?

A

-Yes because the override beta 1 receptors

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9
Q

What receptors can Dopamine use?

A
  • DA
  • Beta
  • Alpha
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10
Q

What dopamine receptors increase BP and TPR?

A

-Alpha 1

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11
Q

What dopamine receptors increase HR?

A

Beta 1

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12
Q

What dopamine receptors increase organ perfusion?

A

-D1

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13
Q

What are alpha 1 agonists?

A
  • Phenylephrine

- Methoxamine

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14
Q

What are the effects of Alpha 1 agonists?

A
  • Vasoconstriction and increased TPR
  • Decreased HR (but can increase because of Baroreceptors)
  • Constricts sphincter muscle of bladder
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15
Q

What are alpha 2 agonists?

A
  • Clonidine

- Guanfacine

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16
Q

What are the effects of Alpha 2 agonists?

A
  • Bradycardia in some

- Dry mouth

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17
Q

What does stimulation of CNS alpha 2 receptors decrease?

A

-Sympathetic output

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18
Q

What are alpha 2 agonists used for?

A
  • Treatment of hypertension

- ADHD

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19
Q

What are alpha 1 agonists used for?

A
  • ENT surgery
  • Treat hypotension/shock
  • Mydriasis (pupil dilation)
  • Nasal decongestants
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20
Q

What are the uses for Beta agonists?

A
  • Asthma
  • COPD
  • OBGYN use to relax smooth muscle of uterus during labor slowing contractions
  • Bronchospasm
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21
Q

What are mixed agonists?

A
  • Ephedrine
  • Ephedra
  • Pseudoephedrine
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22
Q

What do the mixed agonists release?

A

-Norepinephrine

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23
Q

What can amphetamine cause the release of?

A

-NE and DA

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24
Q

What are indirect adrenergic agents?

A
  • Amphetamine
  • Cocaine
  • Methylphenidate
  • NNRIs
  • TCA
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25
Q

What does cocaine do for the indirect action?

A

-Blocks the uptake of excess NE, DA, and Serotonin

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26
Q

What does Methylphenidate do?

A

-Block reuptake of NE and DA

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27
Q

What metabolizes Tyramine?

A

-Monoamine oxidase

28
Q

If a person is taking a Monoamine oxidase inhibitor what should a person avoid?

A

-Foods that contain Tyramine

29
Q

What can increase Tyramine do?

A

-Increase the amount of Norepinephrine release

30
Q

Is tyramine and indirect agonist?

A

Yes

31
Q

What are examples of non-selective alpha antagonists?

A
  • Phenoxybenzamine

- Phentolamine

32
Q

What do you use non-selective alpha antagonists for?

A
  • Treat pheochromocytoma

- Hypertensive emergencies

33
Q

What are the effects of non-selective alpha antagonists?

A
  • Decreased TPR (alpha 1) and thus decreased BP

- Increased HR (Baroreceptor response to decreased BP)

34
Q

What are alpha 1 antagonists?

A
  • Prazosin

- Terazosin

35
Q

What are the effects of alpha 1 antagonists?

A

-Vasodilation (not really because they just stop vasoconstriction) causes a decrease in TPR and BP

36
Q

What are the uses of alpha 1 antagonists?

A
  • Treat hypertension

- Benign Prostatic hypertrophy

37
Q

What are the examples of Beta Antagonists (beta blockers)?

A
  • Propranolol (B1 and B2)
  • Atenolol (B1)
  • Metoprolol (B1)
38
Q

What is the uses of beta blockers?

A
  • Treatment of hypertension

- Treatment of angina

39
Q

What is the metabolic effect of beta blockers?

A

-Decreased glycogenolysis in response to hypoglycemia

40
Q

What is the effect of sympathetic activity when the B2 and alpha receptors are activated for metabolic function?

A
  • Gluconeogenesis
  • Glycogenolysis
  • Lipolysis
  • Renin release
41
Q

Scopolamine is an antagonist at this receptor?

A

-Muscaranic

42
Q

Atropine is an antagonist at this receptor?

A

-Muscaranic

43
Q

Succinylcholine is an antagonist at this receptor?

A

-Nicontinic muscle

44
Q

Phenylephrine is a what?

A

-Alpha 1 agonist

45
Q

D tubocurarine is an antagonist at this receptor?

A

-Nicotinic Muscle

46
Q

Atropine can cause what?

A
  • Dilated pupils
  • Dry mouth
  • Decreased Heart rate
47
Q

Which receptors regulate renin secretion?

A

-Beta 1

48
Q

Drugs classified as alpha-blockers can help decrease what?

A

-Blood pressure

49
Q

What receptors are involved in gluconeogenesis?

A
  • Beta 2

- Alpha

50
Q

What receptors are involved in glycogenolysis?

A
  • Beta 2

- Alpha

51
Q

What receptors do you find in the SA node?

A
  • Beta 1
  • Beta 2
  • Muscarinic
52
Q

What receptors do you find in skeletal muscle vessels?

A

-Beta 2

53
Q

What receptors do you find in skin, splanchnic vessels?

A

-Alpha

54
Q

Apocrine and eccrine gland are regulated by what receptors respectively?

A

-Alpha then muscarinic

55
Q

What can decrease aqueous humor production?

A

-Clonidine

56
Q

What receptors act on the bladder wall?

A
  • Beta 2

- Muscarinic

57
Q

What receptors act on the sphincter?

A
  • Alpha 1

- Muscarinic

58
Q

What receptors act on the uterus?

A
  • Beta 2
  • Alpha
  • Muscarinic
59
Q

What receptors are responsible for contracting the uterus?

A
  • Alpha

- Muscarinic

60
Q

What receptors are found in the penis/seminal vesicles?

A
  • Alpha

- Muscarinic

61
Q

What does the Beta 2 receptor do in skeletal muscle vessels?

A

-Relaxes

62
Q

Is there any parasympathetic activity that controls metabolic function?

A

-No it is all done via the sympathetic activity

63
Q

Is there any parasympathetic activity that control the blood vessels?

A

-No

64
Q

What receptors control the radial muscle?

A

-Alpha 1

65
Q

If the radial muscle contracts what does that do to the pupil?

A

-Dilate

Human disease and therapeutics 2020 (60 decks)

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