Atomic structure and the periodic table. Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Atomic structure and the periodic table. Deck (24)
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1
Q

Give the radius of an atom.

A

0.1 nanometers 1x10^-10

2
Q

Where is the nucleus?

A

Middle of the atom.

3
Q

What does the nucleus contain?

A

Protons and neutrons.

4
Q

Give the radius of the nucleus.

A

1x10^-14 1/10000 of radius of an atom.

5
Q

What is the charge of a neutron and why?

A

positive because of the protons.

6
Q

Where is all of the mass of the atom concentrated in?

A

Nucleus.

7
Q

Where are electrons?

A

They move around the nucleus in electron shells.

8
Q

What is the charge on a electron?

A

Negatively charged and tiny but they cover a lot of space.

9
Q

What do the volume of electron orbits determine?

A

The size of the atom.

10
Q

What is the mass of an electron?

A

They have virtually no mass.

11
Q

Relative mass of proton neutron and electron.

A

1
1
very small

12
Q

Charge of proton neutron and electron.

A

+1
0
-1

13
Q

What is the charge of an atom?

A

They are neutral they have no overall charge unlike ions. This is because have same number of protons electrons

14
Q

What is the charge on the electron the same size as?

A

The charge on the protons, but opposite so the charge cancels out.

15
Q

Why does an ion have an overall charge?

A

The number of protons does not equal the number of electrons.

16
Q

Give an example of an ion.

A

An ion with 2- charge has two more electrons than protons.

17
Q

What is an ion?

A

An atom or group of atoms that has lost or gained electrons.

18
Q

What does the nuclear symbol of an atom tell you?

A

It’s atomic (proton) number and mass number

19
Q

What does the atomic number tell you?

A

How many protons there are.

20
Q

What does the mass number tell you?

A

Total number of protons and neutrons in the atom

21
Q

How to calculate the number of neutrons?

A

Atomic number - mass number

22
Q

Define the term element

A

A substance made up of atoms that all have the same number of protons in their nucleus.

23
Q

What does the number of protons decide?

A

The protons in nucleus decide what type of atom it is.

Ex= an atom with one proton in its nucleus is hydrogen and and atom with two protons is helium.

24
Q

How many elements are there?

A

About 100
So all atoms of a particular element have same number of protons and different elements have atoms with different number of protons.