atomic physics

Question 1

gamma decay

Answer 1

gamma particle (Ɣ - high energy photon) is emitted after alpha or beta decay

Question 2

alpha decay

Answer 2

helium+2 (2 protons, 2 neutrons) is emitted

Question 3

beta+ decay

Answer 3

positron and neutrino are emitted

Question 4

beta- decay

Answer 4

electron and antineutrino are emitted

Question 5

DeBroglie Relationship

Answer 5

λ = h/mv

Question 6

Linear momentum of electron (Bohr)

Answer 6

p = (n*h)/(2*π*r) = n*ħ/r

Question 7

Angular momentum of electron

Answer 7

p=n*h/2*π = n*ħ

*note: not dependent on radius

Question 8

Energy of electron (Bohr)

Answer 8

E = -(mZ²e⁴)/(8n²h²ε₀²)

Question 9

orbital radius of electron (Bohr)

Answer 9

r = (n²h²ε₀)/(Z*π*m*e²)=n²a₀/Z

Question 10

Bohr radius

Answer 10

radius of 1st electron (hydrogen atom)
a₀=h²*ε₀/π*m*e^{2<br></br> = 0.0529nm}

Question 11

shortcomings of bohr model

Answer 11

1) doesnt explain spectral lines
2) violates uncertainty principle

Question 12

Valence shell capacities

Answer 12

1. 2
2. 8
3. 18
4. 32

Question 13

subshell names and capacities

Answer 13

in shell 1:
1s
in shell 2:
2s 2p
in shell 3:
3s 3p 3d
in shell 4:
4s 4p 4d 4f

s shells hold 2 electrons
p shells hold 6 electrons
d shells hold 10 electrons
f shells hold 14 electrons
g shells hold 18 electrons

Question 14

Stephan Boltzman law

Answer 14

j* = σT⁴

P = AεσT⁴

ε = emissivity of object (for perfect blackbody, 1)

j* = emissive power

Question 15

Wien’s displacement law

Answer 15

λ_maxT = b
b = Wien’s constant

Question 16

Weak force interaction

Answer 16

responsible for beta decay

Question 17

Fermions

Answer 17

quantum numbers described by pauli-exclusion principle

1/2 integer spin

types of fermions: quarks, leptons, any particle with odd combination of these, baryons
antisymmetric wave functions

Question 18

Quarks

Answer 18

itneract through strong interaction
only known carriers of fractional charge

Question 19

Leptons

Answer 19

Do not interact through strong interaction
electrons, muons, taus

Question 20

Bosons

Answer 20

have integer spins
photons, gluons, graviton
symetric wave functions

Question 21

Strong force interaction

Answer 21

pion interaction between particles

Question 22

photoelectric effect

Answer 22

eV = hf + φ

φ -> work function of metal
e -> charge of electron
V -> stopping potential
f -> frequency of emmited light

Question 23

change in wavelength for compton scattering

Answer 23

λ’ - λ = h/(m_ec)

Question 24

Bremsstrahlung radiation

Answer 24

breaking radiation from accelerated electrons into metal target
causes x-ray radiation

Question 25

kenetic energy for electron for x-ray radiation

Answer 25

E = hc/λ_c

λ_c -> cutoff radiation

Question 26

antiparticle of photon

Answer 26

photon!

Question 27

difference between neutrino and antineutrino

Answer 27

neutrino lepton number is +1
antineutrino lepton number is -1

Question 28

pion decay

Answer 28

π^- -> μ^- + ν
π⁺ -> μ⁺ + ν

Question 29

particle that confirmed the eightfold way

Answer 29

Ω^-

arangement of particles based on lepton number and strangeness

Question 30

pauli’s exclusion principle

Answer 30

no 2 electrons cannot occupy the same state. applies to particles with 1/2 integer spin

Question 31

J/ψ particle

Answer 31

electrically neutral
very heavy
led to discovery of charmed quarks (particle is bound state of charmed quarks)

Question 32

muon decay

Answer 32

μ⁺ -> e⁺ + v_e + v_μ

muon decays into positron and 2 neutrinos (electron neutrino and muon antineutrino)