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World History I > AtG > Flashcards

AtG Flashcards

1
Q

Main Idea

A

AtG conquered Persia and Egypt, extended his empire to the Indus river in northwest India

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2
Q

Relevance

A

AtG empire extended across 3 continents, today consisting of many nations and diverse cultures

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3
Q

Where was Alexander from?

A

Macedon/ia

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4
Q

Who was Alexander’s father?

A

King Philip of Macedonia

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5
Q

How did the Macedonians view Greeks?

A

looked up to them

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6
Q

How did the Greeks view Macedonia?

A

Didn’t look up to them

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7
Q

Who was king of Macedonia in 359 BCE?

A

Philip II, father of AtG

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8
Q

What did Philip do bc of his aspirations to conquer?

A

Gathered large army, adopts and improves phalanx, plans to invade Greece

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9
Q

Who was by Philip’s side while he planned?

A

Alexander (young)

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10
Q

How did Philip end Hoplite Greek warfare?

A

Macedonian phalanx, green infantry, and holds a sarissa 18ft pike instead of spear

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11
Q

what was called “philip’s most powerful weapon of war?”

A

the macedonian phalanx

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12
Q

What did Philip first conquer?

A

Greece

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13
Q

Who warned against Philip’s conquering Greece?

A

Demosthenes, a prominent Greek statesman and orator of ancient Athens.

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14
Q

Which two city states tried to stop Philip from conquering them?

A

Athens and Thebes

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15
Q

How old was Alexander when Philip conquered Greece?

A

16

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16
Q

What was the battle of Chaeronea? Who won?

A

A turning point in the conquest of Greece. The Greeks were defeated.

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17
Q

Who assassinated Philip II? When?

A

His bodyguard, Pausanius, 336 BCE

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18
Q

What dream of Philip’s did he never accomplish?

A

Invasion of Persia

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19
Q

What did AtG do when his father was killed?

A

Proclaimed himself king

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20
Q

Why was Philip murdered?

A

Personal feud btwn him and bodyguard OR someone put him up to it

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21
Q

Who may have put Pausanius up to killing Philip?

A

Olympias, Darius, or Alexander

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22
Q

Why was AtG ready to rule at such a young age?

A

He was tutored by Aristotle, his role model was Achilles (his favorite book was the Illiad)

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23
Q

How did AtG first demonstrate his abilities? What did this cause?

A

He crushed a revolt in Thebes, and afterwards no other city states rebelled

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24
Q

Story of taming Bucephalus

A

Tamed untameable horse

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25
Q

What leadership power did AtG use w/ the Thebans?

A

coercive

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26
Q

What did AtG do to Thebes?

A

Crushed the revolt, burned it down

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27
Q

What in Thebes did AtG spare?

A

House of Pindar, famous poet

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28
Q

What did AtG do in 334 BCE?

A

Led 35000 troops into Anatolia, edge of Persian Empire

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29
Q

What happened at the Granicus River?

A

AtG smashed Persian defenses

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30
Q

How did AtG stand out on the battlefield?

A

By leading at the front

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31
Q

Who was Parmenio?

A

AtG general

32
Q

Who was Hepheistian?

A

Alexander’s best friend

33
Q

What did Parmenio advise AtG? What was his response?

A

Not to cross the river and fight right then; he wouldn’t let a ‘little stream’ stand in his way

34
Q

What did AtG wear?

A

A white helmet

35
Q

What was the Gordian Knot?

A

An ox cart (not attached to an ox) with a very complex knot. Whoever undid it would be ruler of Asia according to the legend of the people.

36
Q

What did AtG do when he heard about the Gordian Knot?

A

Used critical thinking and cut through the knot, undoing it

37
Q

What happened when AtG went to conquer Israel?

A

The priest went out in his special robes to greet him (not allowed in reg circumstances; pikuach nefesh)

38
Q

What happened when AtG met Shimon HaTzaddik?

A

AtG knelt @ his feet

39
Q

How is Alexander a Jewish name?

A

After he spared the city the sages proclaimed that all 1st born males should be named Alexander

40
Q

What did Darius offer Alexander?

A

A third of the empire and his gorgeous youngest daughter

41
Q

What was AtG’s response to Darius?

A

He will take his whole empire, and to address him as Lord of Asia

42
Q

What Egyptian city did AtG found?

A

Alexandria

43
Q

What happened to Alexander in Egypt in 332 BCE?

A

He was crowned pharoah

44
Q

Where in Egypt did Alexander travel to? Why?

A

Siwah, to talk to the Egyptian Oracle

45
Q

Were the Egyptians happier under AtG or the Persians?

A

AtG

46
Q

What did AtG do after conquering Egypt?

A

Went E to confront Darius

47
Q

How could AtG benefit from talking to the Egyptian Oracle?

A

His mom had told him he was a demigod, wanted to confirm that

48
Q

What did Mediterranean Sea sailors fear most?

A

flat, undistinguished coastline of N Egypt

49
Q

What was the dual purpose of the Pharos Lighthouse?

A

Welcome beacon for weary travelers, warned ships of dangerous coastline

50
Q

How tall was the Pharos Lighthouse?

A

Over 30 stories, 440 ft

51
Q

How did the Pharos Lighthouse work (day and night?)

A

Day-mirrors reflected sunlight, night-fire was made

52
Q

What was used to project the Pharos Lighthouse light?

A

Polished sheet of bronze/mirror

53
Q

How long did the Pharos Lighthouse last? What eventually happened to it?

A

1700 years. Destroyed by earthquakes in 14th century.

54
Q

How did the Siwah oracle work?

A

Priests listen in, answer from passageway pretending to be Zeus

55
Q

What was the Egyptian name for Zeus?

A

Ammon

56
Q

What did AtG ask the Oracle?

A

Will I conquer the world? Were my father’s killers punished? Am I the son of Zeus (meaning I can’t lose?)

57
Q

What did the Oracle answer AtG?

A

Yes to all

58
Q

Why would the priests of the oracle lie?

A

AtG won’t like bad answers/if they’re wrong he won’t come back and murder them

59
Q

What did Darius do to meet AtG?

A

Assembled army of 250,000 men

60
Q

What did AtG do after the battle of Gaugamela?

A

Quickly occupied capitals of Babylon, Susa, Persepolis

61
Q

How did AtG get to India?

A

Crossed into Indus Valley.

62
Q

Who tried to stop AtG in India? How?

A

King Porus, @ battle of Hydaspes River

63
Q

Who won the Hydaspes River battle?

A

AtG, but pyrrhic

64
Q

How did the Athenian exile flatter Darius?

A

Commented on the beauty of the army

65
Q

What did the Athenian exile tell Darius about AtG/Macedonian army?

A

Strong, won’t be intimidated, don’t depend on outward appearance

66
Q

Based on what the Athenian exile said, what should Darius have done?

A

Make something to beat the phalanx

67
Q

What was the ratio of Persians to Macedonians?

A

5:1

68
Q

What did AtG do at the battle of Gaugamela?

A

Held ranks until last possible second

69
Q

What did Darius do that lost him the battle?

A

Panicked and ran away

70
Q

What was different about India?

A

The elephants were trained to fight

71
Q

What is pyrrhic?

A

(of a victory) won at too great a cost to have been worthwhile for the victor.

72
Q

What did AtG troops do after Hydaspes River battle?

A

refused to continue

73
Q

What incident happened to AtG in Makran desert?

A

He was dehydrated. His troops found water (little left) and gave it to him, but he poured it on the ground.

74
Q

What happened to AtG in Babylon?

A

Contracted fever, died @ age 32, causing his generals to fight among themselves.

75
Q

What were AtG three lessons?

A

Don’t take life for granted or take up time to chase wealth bc it won’t come w you, came into this world empty handed want to leave that way

World History I (10 decks)

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