Astrocytes and Neurones Flashcards Preview

Y4 NMH BSc > Astrocytes and Neurones > Flashcards

Flashcards in Astrocytes and Neurones Deck (16)
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1
Q

What is MAP2B - what is its function?

A

A microtubule stabilising protein

2
Q

List some somato-dendritic specific components

A
  • MAP2B - microtubule stabilising protein
  • PSD scaffolding (post-synaptic density)
  • Meurotransmitter receptors
  • Signalling proteins
3
Q

What are the different morphologies of dendritic spines?

A
  1. Stubby
  2. Spine thin
  3. Mushroom
  4. Filopodium
4
Q

How do dendritic spines indicate signal strength?

A
5
Q

What is one cellular adaption of dendritic spines with regards its organelles?

A
  • Many mitochondria due to high energy requirement
6
Q

Where do axons emerge?

A

From the axon hillock at the soma of the neurone

7
Q

What are some cellular adapation of neurones with regards its organelles?

A
  • Lots of prominent microtubules and neurofilaments for transport of proteins
  • Lots of mitochondria to maintain RMP
8
Q
A
9
Q

What are the 2 main morphologies of pre-synaptic terminals?

A
  1. Boutons
  2. Varicosities - mainly found at NMJ
10
Q

What are primary and secondary dendrites?

A
  • Primary dendrites - directly go into soma
  • Secondary dendrites branch from the primary dendrites
11
Q

What are the 3 main effectors that neurones synapse onto?

A
  1. Other neurones
  2. Mucle cells at the NMJ
  3. Glandular cells
12
Q

When neurones synapse onto other neurones, at what point on them do they synapse - what are the 3 types of connections - and are these typically excitatory or inhibitory?

A
  1. Axo-dendritic - Excitatory
  2. Axo-somatic - Inhibitory
  3. Axo-axonic - Inhibitory
13
Q

What does the term neuronal integration mean?

A

This denotes the idea that the post-synapetic neurone integrates the competing excitatory and inhibitory signals from the various pre-synaptic connections including axo-dendritic, axo-somatic and axo-axonic

14
Q

1) Why are excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters so-called?
2) Give 2 examples of each excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters

A

1)

Excitatory neurotransmitters increase the chance of depolarisation and therefore an action potential being transmitted and v.v.

2)

EXCITATORY - GABA, Dopamine

INHIBITORY - Glutamate, ACh

15
Q

Give 2 modes of diversity of signals at the synapse

A
  1. Diversity in neurotransmitter
  2. Diversity in receptors for each neurotransmitter - e.g. there are 11 glutamate receptor proteins, 3 GABA receptors, 5 dopamine receptors and 14 5-HT receptors
16
Q
A