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Flashcards in Asthma treatments Deck (7)
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1
Q

Salbutamol
(Beta-antagonist (reliever) act on beta 2 adrenoreceptors)

+ SALMETEROL AND TERBUTALINE

A

A reliever and a bronchodilator
Dilates the bronchioles, relaxing the smooth muscle therefore widening the airways
Used if asthma symptoms occur, short acting (3-5 hours)
Side effects: tremor, increased heart rate, tension headache, hypokalaemia
Salmeterol and Terbutaline work in the same way

2
Q

Beclometasone
(preventer, have an anti-inflammatory role and stop response to allergen, reduce immediate and late-phase asthmatic response and reduces bronchial hyper-reactivity)

A

Corticosteroid
immunosuppressant and anti-inflammatory effects
Can be inhaled, taken orally or given intravenously
Side effects: local immunosuppression (oral thrush), effects on vocal chords

3
Q

Sodium Cromiglicate and Nedocromil Sodium
(preventer, have an anti-inflammatory role and stop response to allergen, reduce immediate and late-phase asthmatic response and reduces bronchial hyper-reactivity)

A

Reduce the incidence of acute asthma attacks
Inhibit the release of chemicals from inflammatory cells called mast cells to prevent bronchospasm
Used mainly in children 5-12

4
Q

Montelukast
(preventer, have an anti-inflammatory role and stop response to allergen, reduce immediate and late-phase asthmatic response and reduces bronchial hyper-reactivity)

A

Cysteinyl leukotriene antagonist
Blocks the spasmogenic effect of inflammatory mediators in mild asthma
Relax the airways and prevent inflammation
Side effects: GI disturbances

5
Q

Ipratropium

A

Anti-muscarinic bronchodilator
Blocks M receptors to inhibit bronchoconstriction
Short acting reliever
Side effects: dry mouth, precipate glaucoma

6
Q

Prednisolone

A

Corticosteroid
Given after an acute asthma attack or taken by individuals with chronic asthma
It suppresses the activity of the immune system and releases inflammatory mediators to rapidly reduce symptoms
Side effects: buffalo hump, hypertension, increased abdominal fat, thinning of skin, muscle wasting, osteoporosis, stunting of growth in children (not given to under 5’s)

7
Q

Theophylline (Aminophylline)

A

Blocks enzyme PDE in the airways causing the smooth muscles to relax = bronchodilation (decrease in calcium)
Given to patients with severe chronic asthma alongside beta antagonists and/or steroids