Asthma Treatment Flashcards Preview

Pharmacology > Asthma Treatment > Flashcards

Flashcards in Asthma Treatment Deck (23)
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1
Q

Where does the involuntary respiratory control occur

A

Medulla

2
Q

Which neurones affect diaphragm in voluntary respiratory control

A

Motor neurones

3
Q

What things do PNS cause and why

A

Bronchoconstriction and increased mucus

Via ach binding to M3 receptors causing increased IP3–> increased ca —> bronchoconstriction

4
Q

How does the efferent pathway cause bronchodilation

A

Via SNS B2 binding via nadr/adr

5
Q

Which stimuli affect sensory receptors which then affects respiration in afferent system

A

Chemicals
Allergens
Cold air
Inflammatory mediators eg leukotienes

6
Q

What causes asthma

A

Response of sensory receptors to stimuli which aren’t normally causing obstruction

7
Q

What happens in the immediate phase of asthma

A

Bronchospasm/ constriction due to stimuli eg cold air, allergens

8
Q

Which things cause bronchospasm and mucus production in the immediate phase and how

A

Spasmogens- histamine, leukotienes

They cause bronchospasm when interact with mast cells

9
Q

How do spasmogens also cause / stimulate the inflammatory response in the late phase of asthma

A

Release chemotaxins which attract WBC

10
Q

What influxes in late phase which causes bronchial damage and hypersensitivity to stimuli

A

Cytokine releasing lymphocytes and eosinophils

11
Q

What are the 3 drugs called which stop bronchospasm via spasmogens by bronchodilation

A

B2 agonists
M3 antagonists
Xanthines

12
Q

What is a negative side effect of B2 agonists treating bronchospasm via vasodilation / bronchodilation

A

Causes tremors

13
Q

How do M3 antagonists work

A

They block ach binding to M3 in the PNS response

This stops bronchoconstriction and causes dilation instead aswell as decreased mucus secretion

14
Q

What are the 2 uses of xanthines

A

Cause bronchodilation to treat bronchospasm

Also stop inflammatory response

15
Q

What is an issue with xanthines

A

Very small TI

Also causes tremors

16
Q

What are the 2 effects of glucocorticoid

A

They are anti inflammatory and treat bronchospasm

17
Q

How do glucocorticoid work

A

Induce lipocortin production

This causes decreased production of spasmogens eg leukotienes via blocking phospholipase A2

This also therefore causes less chemotaxin release and causes immunosuppression (less cytokine releasing lymphocytes)

18
Q

What are the 2 negative side effects of glucocorticoids

A

1- immunosuppressive Via blocking phospholipase A2

2- glucocorticoid side effects like Cushing syndrome

19
Q

What is the drug called which stabilises mast cells and prevents spasmogens release

A

Cromolyn

20
Q

What is the drugs called which stop leukotienes binding and therefore stop bronchospasm aswell as inflammatory response via chemotaxins

A

leukotiene receptor antagonist

21
Q

Which nerves in respiratory system allow coughing

A

Intercostal and phrenic nerves

22
Q

How is cough stimulation similar to asthma

A

Sensory detect stimuli like cold air and cause coughing via phrenic or intercostal nerves

23
Q

Name 2 ways cough drugs work

A

Reduce sensory sensitivity to stimuli

Regulate the cough centre in the brain via opioid receptors