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Flashcards in Asthma and COPD Deck (31)
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1
Q

Major MOA of beta-2 agonists

A

stimulate beta-2 receptors on BSM; elevates cAMP

2
Q

Minor MOA of beta-2 agonists

A

anti-inflammatory effect, inhibits release of histamine from mast cells

3
Q

Prototype SABA

A

albuterol

4
Q

Prototype LABA

A

salmeterol

5
Q

Therapeutic use of SABA

A

first-line agent taken to releave attacks, onset 1-5 min, durtation 4 hrs
Prevention of exercise induced asthma-taken 10-20 min prior to activity

6
Q

Therapeutic use of LABA

A

Not for acute attacks, scheduled for prophylaxis
Always in combo with glucocorticoid
Effects last 10-12 hrs

7
Q

Which drug is used for long-acting oral use in children that cannot use an inhabler

A

albuterol

8
Q

Adverse effects of beta2 agonists

A

Thachycardia, palpitations and tremor at high/oral doses

When used alone can increase the risk of severe asthma attacks and asthma-related death

9
Q

Methylzanthines prototype

A

theophylline

10
Q

MOA of theophylline

A

Analog of caffeine, weak bronchodilator
Non-specific inhibitor of PDE (increase cAMP)
PDE3 inhibiton- bronchodilation
PDE4 inhibition- inflammation

11
Q

therapeutic use of theopylline

A

alternative to LABAs with ICS, lower efficacy, longer duration of action
patients who cannot take inhaled medications if montelukast is ineffective
IV for emergencies if patients fail to respond to SABAs

12
Q

Adverse effects of theopylline

A

High- nausea, nervousness, anxiety, headache, insomnia

Toxic- sever dysrhythmias and seizures

13
Q

Drug interactions with theopylline

A

metabolized by CYPs

14
Q

Anticholinergic agent prototype

A

ipratropium

15
Q

MOA of ipratropium

A

atropine like quaternary ammonium, blocks M3 receptors to attenuate vagal-stimulated bronchoconstriction, slower onset and less intense than beta agonists

16
Q

Therapeutic uses of ipratropium

A

approved only for COPD; more efficacious than beta agonists

Can be given with beta agonists or alone

17
Q

adverse effects of ipratropium

A

limited due to poor absorption

dry mouth and pharyngeal irritation

18
Q

Inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) prototype

A

fluticasone

19
Q

MOA of ICS

A

bind GC receptors, anti-inflammatory effects

20
Q

Therapeutic use of ICS

A

first-line therapy for chronic asthma prophylaxis; inhalation dosing on a fixed schedule in combination with beta 2 agonists

21
Q

Standard ICS, LABA combo

A

salmeterol and fluticasone

22
Q

Therapeutic use of prednisone

A

reserved for severe, unresponsive asthma

23
Q

Adverse effects of ICS

A

oropharyngeal candidiasis and dysphonia
prolonged- adrenal insufficiency, osteoperosis, hypertension, immune suppression, cataracts, glaucoma
Use cautiously in young children

24
Q

Prototype mast cell stabilizer

A

cromolyn

25
Q

MOA of cromolyn

A

prevents release of histamine

26
Q

Therapeutic use of cromolyn

A

inhalation on fixed schedule of prophylaxis

27
Q

Leukotriene modifier prototypes

A

LTD4- montelukast

Leukotriene synthesis inhibitor zileuton

28
Q

Therapeutic use of leuckotiene modifiers

A

alternative and add-on therapy

29
Q

IgE antagonist prototype

A

omalizumab

30
Q

MOA of omalizumab

A

binds to

31
Q

Therapeutic use of omalizumab

A

allergy related asthma