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Nur 110 > Asepsis > Flashcards

Asepsis Flashcards

1
Q

Resident flora

A

Collective vegetation in a given area

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2
Q

Disease

A

Detectable alteration in normal tissue function

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3
Q

Virulence

A

Microorganisms ability to produce disease

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4
Q

Communicable disease

A

Infectious agent can be transmitted to an individual by direct or indirect contact or as an airborne infection

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5
Q

Pathogenicity

A

Ability to produce disease

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6
Q

Opportunistic pathogen

A

Causes disease only in a susceptible individual

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7
Q

Asepsis

A

Freedom from disease causing microorganisms

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8
Q

Medical asepsis

A

Includes all practices intended to confine a specific microorganism to a specific area

CLEAN

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9
Q

Surgical asepsis

Sterile technique

A

Refers to those practices that keep an area or object free of all microorganisms

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10
Q

Sepsis

A

The condition in which acute organ dysfunction occurs secondary to infection

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11
Q

Bacteria

A

Most common infection causing microorganisms

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12
Q

Viruses

A

Consist primarily of nuclei acid and must enter living cells to reproduce

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13
Q

Fungi

A

Yeasts

Molds

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14
Q

Parasites

A

Live on other living organisms

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15
Q

Colonization

A

The process by which strains of microorganisms become resident flora

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16
Q

Local infection

A

Limited to specific part of the body where the microorganisms remain

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17
Q

Systemic infection

A

Microorganisms spread and damage different parts of the body

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18
Q

Bacteremia

A

When a culture of the persons blood reveals microorganisms

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19
Q

Septicemia

A

Bacteremia results in systemic infection

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20
Q

Nosocomial infections

A

Infections that originate in the hospital

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21
Q

Endogenous

A

Microorganisms that cause nosocomial infections that come from clients themselves

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22
Q

Exogenous

A

Microorganisms that cause nosocomial infections that come from the hospital

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23
Q

Nosocomial urinary tract

A

E. coli
Enterococcus
Pseudomonas

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24
Q

Cause of E. coli

A

Improper catheterization

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25
Q

Enterococcus species

A

Contamination of closed drainage system

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26
Q

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

A

Inadequate hand hygiene

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27
Q

Nosocomial surgical sites

A

Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)

Enterococcus species
(VRE

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

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28
Q

MRSA cause

A

Inadequate hand hygiene

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29
Q

VRE cause

A

Improper dressing change technique

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30
Q

Latrogenic infections

A

Nosocomial, direct result of diagnostic or therapeutic procedures

31
Q

Pathogenicity

A

Ability of the microorganisms to enter the body, susceptibility of the host, ability of microorganisms to live in hosts body

32
Q

Reservoir

A

Sources of microorganisms

33
Q

Carrier

A

Reservoir of a specific infectious agent that usually does not manifest any clinical signs of disease

34
Q

Method of transmission

A

Direct
Indirect
Airborne

35
Q

Direct transmission

A

Involves immediate and direct transfer of microorganisms from person to person

36
Q

Indirect transmission

A

Either vehicle or vector

37
Q

Vehicle borne

A

Any substance

38
Q

Vector borne transmission

A

Animal or flying insect

39
Q

Droplet nuclei

A

The residue of evaporated droplets emitted by an infected host. Can remain in air

40
Q

Compromised host

A

Person at increased risk

41
Q

Nonspecific defenses

A

Protect the person against all microorganisms, regardless of prior exposure

42
Q

Specific (immune) defenses

A

Directed against identifiable infection agents

43
Q

Nonspecific defenses include

A

An atomic and physiological Barriers and the inflammatory response

44
Q

Inflammation

A 
PAIN
Swelling
Redness
Heat
Impaired function
45
Q

Physical agents

A

Mechanical objects. Trauma, heat, cold, radiation

46
Q

Chemical agents

A

External irritants and internal irritants

47
Q

First stage of inflammatory response

A

Vascular and cellular responses

48
Q

Second stage of inflammatory response

A

Exudate production

49
Q

Third stage of inflammatory response

A

Reparative phase

50
Q

Vascular and cellular responses

A

Inflammation- blood vessels at site will constrict . Histamine will dialate and cause redness and heat.

51
Q

Leukocytes

A

WBCs leak into interstitial spaces (swelling and pain appear

52
Q

Pain in inflammation is caused by

A

Pressure of accumulating fluid on nerve endings and irritating chemical mediators

53
Q

Leukocytosis

A

In response to leukocytes leaving blood, marrow produces more WBCs

54
Q

Exudate

A

Fluid that escaped from the blood vessels, dead phagocytosis cells and dead tissue cells

55
Q

Regeneration

A

Repair of injured tissues by regeneration or replacement with fibrous tissue

56
Q

Granulation tissue

A

Early stages of regeneration

57
Q

Antigen

A

Substance that induces a state of sensitivity or immune responsiveness (immunity)

58
Q

Auto antigen

A

Proteins originate in a person’s own body, the antigen is called auto antigen

59
Q

Humoral

Circulating immunity

A

B lymphocytes

60
Q

Antibodies

Immunoglobulins

A

Defend against extra cellular phases of bacterial and viral infections

61
Q

Active immunity

A

Host produces antibodies in response to natural antigens or artificial antigens

62
Q

Passive immunity

Acquired

A

Host receives natural or artificial antibodies produced by another source

63
Q

Cell-mediated defenses

Cellular immunity

A

Occur through T-cell system

64
Q

Three main groups of Tcells

A

Helper
Cytotoxic T cells
Suppressor

65
Q

Normal WBC count

A

4500-11000/ ml3

66
Q

Cultures

A

Laboratory cultivation a of microorganisms a special growth medium

67
Q

Nursing diagnosis risk of infection

A 
Fever
Imbalanced nutrition
Acute pain
Social isolation
Anxiety
68
Q

Major goals for clients susceptible to infection

A

Maintain or restore defenses
Avoid spread
Reduce or alleviate problems with infection

69
Q

Supporting defenses of a susceptible host

A 
Hygiene 
Nutrition
Fluid 
Sleep
Stress
Immunizations
70
Q

Antiseptics

A

Agents that inhibit the growth of some microorganisms

71
Q

Disinfectants

A

Agents that destroy pathogens other than spores

72
Q

Sterilization

A

Process that destroys all microorganisms, including spores and viruses

73
Q

Four common methods of sterilization

A

Moist heat, has, boiling water, radiation

74
Q

Infection

A

The growth of microorganisms in body tissue where they are not usually found

Nur 110 (21 decks)

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