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Critical Thinking(fall/2019) > Arguement > Flashcards

Flashcards in Arguement Deck (12)
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1
Q

Argument

A

A RELATIONSHIP of claims where one claim functions as a conclusion with other claim(s) functioning as premise(s)

2
Q

Conclusion

A

A claim that is supported by its claim(s)

The “what”

3
Q

Premise

A

A claim that supports its conclusion

The “why”

4
Q

Aristotle’s argument

A

All men are mortals (major premise)
Socrates is a man (minor premise)
So, Socrates is mortal (conclusion)

All arguments can be weak or strong and questioned if looked at/examined too closely. We have no true evidence that Socrates was a person so the premise,”Socrates is a man,” could essentially be wrong

5
Q

Conclusion indicators

A
Therefore
So
Consequently 
Hence
Thus
6
Q

Premise indicators

A

For
Since
Because

7
Q

2 possibilities of claims

A
  1. Unspoken premise

2. Transitional claim

8
Q

Unspoken premise

A

A claim functioning as a premise in an argument (but isn’t spoken)

Ex. Since premise indicator you have no money, you can’t come with me-conclusion-.

Unspoken claim: you need money to come with me; the place I’m going requires payment

9
Q

Transitional claim

A

A claim functioning as a conclusion in one argument and a premise in another

Ex.
Argument #1: everyone who got an A for the Midterm, got an A for the course. Joe got an A for the Midterm, therefore Joe got an A for the course.
Argument #2: Everyone who got an A for the course was a Philosophy major. Joe got an A for the course, therefore Joe was a Philosophy major.

10
Q

2 types of arguments

A
  1. Deductive argument

2. Inductive argument

11
Q

Deductive Argument

A

The conclusion comes from within the premise(s)
-No new info will be given in the conclusion
Ex.All men(A) are mortal(B)
Socrates (C) is a man(A)
Socrates (C) is mortal(B)

*A minimum of 2 premises are needed to avoid the conclusion just being a repeat

12
Q

Inductive Argument

A
The conclusion is a projection from its premise(s)
-New info will always be offered in the conclusion 
Ex. The Eagles play the Redskins
Therefore, they will win
-Uses the unspoken claim
-A projection was made
-Indicated by the conclusion indicator 
*At least 1 premise needed