APUSH 2.3 Flashcards

1
Q

The increasing political, economic, and cultural exchanges within the Atlantic World had some profound impact on the development of what?

A

Colonial societies in North America

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2
Q

Atlantic World commercial, religious, philosophical, and political interactions among Europeans, Africans, and American native people stimulated what?

A

Economic growth
expanded social networks
reshaped labor systems

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3
Q

What was created by the 17th century Atlantic Trade?

A

labor market

exchange of goods

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4
Q

What began with Spanish and Portuguese traders in West Africa?

A

Growth of slavery in the Americas

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5
Q

What was the passage where shipments of Africans in close quartered ships were shipped and would last several weeks or months?

A

Middle Passage

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6
Q

What trade route shipped rum, sugar, molasses, and slaves?

A

Triangular trade route

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7
Q

How did merchants trade defy the Navigation Acts?

A

traded with Spanish, Dutch, and French

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8
Q

What promoted Anglicization in the British colonies?

A

using more English norms and customs

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9
Q

What was similar to English governments?

A

Representative assemblies

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10
Q

What increased contact with colonies and England?

A

Trade

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11
Q

What kind of ideas traveled from England and Europe to Americas?

A

Enlightenment

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12
Q

How did America later use similar contributions like the Enlightenment?

A

Franklin and Jefferson

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13
Q

What colonies had religious freedom?

A

Maryland Act of Toleration: reliogious tolerance to all Christians
Quakers

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14
Q

How did Evangelism spread?

A

The 1st great awakening saw George Whitefield travel from England travel to the colonies to spread religion

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15
Q

What emerged among British colonies?

A

Strict racial categories and stereotyping

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16
Q

Blacks and whites lived in _ living quarters and were _ throughout the day.

A

Separated

Segregated

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17
Q

Similar to natives, Africans were also seen as what?

A

Savages, and less than human to justify treatment

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18
Q

How was any resistance to slavery treated?

A

Harshly

19
Q

What were the Spanish and French more accepting of?

A

racial gradation

20
Q

What emerged in the Spanish empire?

A

Mestizos and mullatos

21
Q

Britain’s desire to maintain a viable North American empire in the face of growing internal challenges and external competition inspired efforts to do what?

A

Strengthen imperial control

Stimulating increasing resistance from colonists who had grown accustom to large measure of automony

22
Q

Overtime, regional differences in colonies gave way to similarities in what?

A

Laws
Trail
Institution
Governance within the context of the British imperial system

23
Q

What was the similarity in laws?

A

crimes were redefined (John Peter Zenger)

24
Q

What was the similarity in trial?

A

People could criticize government officials if it was true

25
Q

What was the similarity in institutions?

A

colleges were established in different colonies

helped promote religion and increase literacy

26
Q

What was similar in governance within the context of British imperial system?

A

Prior to 1763, colonial governments acted independent of Parliment

27
Q

Under _, the goal is for the mother country (England) to make as much money as possible.

A

Mercantilism

28
Q

Was England’s goal of creating a unified imperial structure and enforcing strict mercantilism policies always successful?

A

No, they were not always successful

29
Q

What required colonies to export specific goods only to England or English colonies?

A

Navigation Acts

30
Q

Navigation Acts led to widespread _ from colonial merchants.

A

smuggling

31
Q

What combined Massachusetts with the rest of New England? (And eventually NJ and NY)

A

Domination of New England

32
Q

_ was eliminated and a new _ was appointed.

A

Assemblies; govener

33
Q

Who was the govener after the assemblies were eliminated?

A

Sir Edmund Andos (very unpopular)

34
Q

The Dominion was met with resistance and ended with what?

A

Glorious Revolution in England

35
Q

For most of the early 18th century, what did England follow a policy of?

A

Salutary Neglect

36
Q

Were English colonies mostly left alone to govern themselves?

A

Yes

37
Q

When would England’s hands off approach come to an end?

A

1763 with the end of the 7 Years War

38
Q

What were the reasons for resistance to British imperial control?

A

Salutary neglect
Enlightenment
The Great Awakening
Colonies saw themselves as English men even though English officials did not always

39
Q

What led to colonial assemblies having significant power, often viewing themselves as Parliament?

A

Salutary Neglect

40
Q

What led many to question the government and desire more rights, and new forms of government?

A

Enlightenment

41
Q

What created more religious diversity and a questioning of authority?

A

The Great Awakening

42
Q

What was the treaty of tordesillas?

A

1494; Portuguese and Spain would move the Papal line of Demarcation to the west slightly

43
Q

What was the Papal Line of Demarcation?

A

1493; The Pope divided the world between Portugal and Spain by drawing a line down a map of the known world giving Spain everything West and everything east to Portugal