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Flashcards in april 1 Deck (35)
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1
Q

what does VACTERL stand for?

A
vertebral
anal
cardiac
TrachoEsophageal fistula
Renal anomalies
Limb anomalies
2
Q

A neonate has a tracheoesophageal fistula… what are you worried about?

A

VACTERL (more commonly)

or CHARGE syndrome

3
Q

what is CHARGE syndrome?

A
Coloboma
Heart defects
Atresia
Retardiation of growth
Genitourinary abnormalities
Ear abnormalities
4
Q

All neonates with a tracheoosophagela fistula should undergo which tests?

A
  • echocardiography

- renal ultrasound

5
Q

what is pretest odds?

A

the odds of something happening/the odds of it not happening

6
Q

symptoms of pellegra?

A

diarrhea
dermatitis
dementia/depression/distraction
death

7
Q

what causes pellegra?

A

niacin deficiency

8
Q

MOA of metoclopramide?

A

dopamine antagonist

9
Q

aprepitant MOA

A

substance P NK1 antagonist

10
Q

hydroxyzine MOA

A

antihistamines

11
Q

odansetron MOA

A

serotonin 5HT3 antagonist

12
Q

bite cells are seen in…

A

G6PD deficiency

13
Q

target cells are seen in…

A

thalasemia

14
Q

infants with hypothyroidism appear normal at…

A

birth (due to the mothers hormones in the infants circulation)

15
Q

infants with hypothyroidism will gradually develop which features?

A
apathy
weakness
hypotonia
large tongue
abdominal bloating
umbilical hernia
16
Q

what changes in hormones will be seen in a nonfunctioning pituitary adenoma?

A
  • decrease of most hormones (LH, FSH, TSH)

- mild increase in prolactin due to disruption of dopamine pathways that would suppress it

17
Q

nitroglycerin will alleviate pain not only from heart problems but also from…

A

esophageal spasm

18
Q

pathophys of henoch-schonlen purpura (igA vasculitis)?

A

deposition of igA, C3 and fibrin in small vessels

19
Q

igA vasculitis AKA

A

henoch-schonlein purpura

20
Q

manifestations seen in igA vasculitis?

A
  • palpable purpura/petechia on lower extremities
  • arthritis/arthralgia
  • abdominal pain/intussiception
  • renal disease
  • scrotal pain/swelling
21
Q

scrotal pain may be seen in which vasculitis?

A

igA vasculitis

22
Q

what is the EPO level in polycythemia vera?

A

LOW

23
Q

treatment of polycythemia vera?

A

Phlebotomy

and maybe hydroxyurea

24
Q

what medications can be used to treat essential tremor?

A

beta blockers

anticonvulsants

25
Q

beta blockers are contraindicatd in patients with…

A

reactive airway disease (asthma, COPD) or heart block

26
Q

nitrates releive chest pain via…

A

decreased left ventricular wall stress (due to decreased preload and afterload)

27
Q

what factors may trigger psoriasis?

A
  • local skin trauma
  • withdrawal from steroids
  • medications
  • HIV and strep pharyngitis
28
Q

A patient has sudden onset severe psoriasis and a history of STIs. Consider testing for…

A

HIV

29
Q

presentation of hodgkin lymphoma?

A
  • painless lymphadenopathy
  • mediastinal mass
  • B symptoms (fever, night sweats)
  • pruritis
30
Q

diagnosis of hodgkin lymphoma?

A
  • lymph node biopsy

- reed sternberg cells

31
Q

why may patients with hodgkin lymphoma have pruritis?

A

release of cytokines

32
Q

ECG findings in stress induced cardiomyopathy (takotsubo)?

A

evidence of ischemia in anterior precordial leads

33
Q

ECG findings suggested cardiac ischemia but no obstructions found on catheterization =

A

stress induced cardiomyopathy (takotsubo)

34
Q

stress induced cardiomyopathy is characterized by …… hypokinesis

A

left ventricular mid and apical segment and basilar

35
Q

treatment of GBS?

A

IVIG or plasmapheresis