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APHUG > APHUG Midterm Review > Flashcards

APHUG Midterm Review Flashcards

1
Q

population density

A

the numebr of people within a given area-clustered or dispersed

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2
Q

arithmetic population density

A

measure of the number of people within a given area divided by the total land area

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3
Q

physiologic population density

A

measure of the number of people per arable (farmable) land

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4
Q

peters projection

A

shape of the continents are longated

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5
Q

carrying capacity

A

the number of people an area can sustain without critically straining its resources

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6
Q

thematic map

A

maps used to display a specific type of info pertaining to an area

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7
Q

cartogram

A

hows statistical data by transforming space

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8
Q

Mercator map

A

mainly used but still distorted by size

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9
Q

robinson projection

A

distorts the edges

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10
Q

absolute direction

A

finding a location using a compass

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11
Q

possibilism

A

theory that the environment sets certain constraints or limitations but people use their creativity to decide how to respond to the conditions of the environment

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12
Q

clustering

A

when there are a lot of people in one certain area

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13
Q

dispersed

A

when people are more spread out over an area

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14
Q

sustaniability

A

meeting an increased demand for resources in a way that protects the ability of future generations to meet there own needs

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15
Q

environmental determinism

A

theory that a society is formed and determined by the physical environment by the physical environment, especially climate; human development is controlled by the environment

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16
Q

total fertility rate

A

the average number children a woman will have during her child bearing years (15-49)

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17
Q

migration

A

involves a degree of permanence when moving to a new locale

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18
Q

emigration (out migration)

A

describes movement out of a particular place

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19
Q

immigration (in migration)

A

describes movement to a particular place

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20
Q

transnational migration

A

migration across national boundaries

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21
Q

internal migration

A

migration within national boundaries

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22
Q

demographic transition model (DTM)

A

describes the relationship between population and the development of a country and can be used to explain population change over time

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23
Q

stage 1 of the DTM

A

pre-industrialization-birth rates are high & death rates are high=low population growth

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24
Q

formal region

A

region marked by a shared trait

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25
Q

functional region

A

region marked by sets of activities

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26
Q

perceptual/vernacular reigon

A

region that exists as an idea

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27
Q

What group(s) of people migrated to the US in the 1800s

A

Germans and Irish

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28
Q

What group(s) of people migrated to the US in the 1900s

A

Asians

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29
Q

reference maps

A

maps used to show landforms and/or places

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30
Q

physical map

A

reference map that shows identifiable natural landmarks such as mountains, rivers, oceans, elevation

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31
Q

political map

A

reference map that shows political boundaries

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32
Q

race human

A

historical classification that is used to categorize human populations with shared physical traits

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33
Q

disrupted growth

A

significant gaps in the pyramid, usually as a result of war, strict population policies, or other drastic events

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34
Q

stable/slow growth

A

chracterized by a rectangular shape

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35
Q

declining/negative growth

A

the base is smaller than previous cohorts

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36
Q

disrupted growth

A

significant gaps in the pyramid, usually as a result of war, strict population policies, or other drastic events

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37
Q

Cultural landscape

A

the combination of physical features, agricultural , and industrial practices, religious, and linguistic practices, sequent occupancy and postmodern architecture

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38
Q

culture

A

shared practices, technologies, attitudes, and behaviors transmitted by the members of a society that are not the result of biological inheritance

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39
Q

ethnicity

A

a group of people who share a common cultural identity

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40
Q

race human populations with shared physical traits

A

historical classification that is used to categorize

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41
Q

material culture

A

clothing, food, art, buildings

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42
Q

non-material culture

A

language, religion, education, government, music, holidays

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43
Q

lingua franca

A

a language understood by most people that speak other languages, usually for trade

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44
Q

centrifugal force

A

a force that tears a country apart

45
Q

genocide

A

premeditated effort to destroy a national, ethnic, racial, religious group

46
Q

relocation diffusion

A

type of cultural diffusion that happens by people relocate to other areas

47
Q

expansion diffusion

A

type of cultural diffusion where an idea or thing originates and starts to spread out from that area

48
Q

contagious diffusion

A

type of expansion diffusion where most all individuals are affected

49
Q

hierarchical diffusion

A

type of expansion diffusion that spreads when someone famous or of a higher powers starts a trend

50
Q

stimulus diffusion

A

type of expansion diffusion when a small portion of the modifies it

51
Q

stage 2 of the DTM

A

developing country-birth rates are high & death rates begin to drop=population increase

52
Q

stage 3 of the DTM

A

developing country- birth rates begin to drop and death rates begin to drop=population levels off

53
Q

stage 4 of the DTM

A

developed country- birth rates are low and death rates are low= populaltion stabilizes

54
Q

stage 5 of the DTM

A

developed country-birth rates are very low and deth rates are low=population declines

55
Q

epidemiological transition

A

increase in population due to medical innovations (modern medicine) causing a decrease in the death rate

56
Q

thomas malthus

A

argued that the size and growth of a population depends on the food supply and agricultural methods AND when there is an insufficient supply of food, people die

57
Q

pro-antalist population policies

A

policies that provide incentives fo rwomen to have children typically in countries with declining populations

58
Q

anti-natalist population policies

A

policies that encourage ouples to limit the numebr of children they have
Ex: China’s one child policy

59
Q

population aging

A

determined by birth rates, death rates, and life expectancy

60
Q

pull factors

A

chracteristics that attract a person to a place

61
Q

push factors

A

chracteristics that make a person want to leave a place

62
Q

genocide

A

premeditated effort to destroy a national, ethnic, racial, religious group

63
Q

creolization

A

the blending of an outside language with a native one

64
Q

ethnic neighborhood

A

an area of a city that is mainly occupied by one ethnicity

65
Q

ethnic cleansing

A

the effort to rid of a country/region of a particular ethnicity either through forced migration or genocide

66
Q

forced migration

A

an individual migrates against her/his will, including events that produce slaves, refugees, internally displaced persons, and asylum seekers

67
Q

refugee

A

individuals, protected by law, who cross national boundaries to seek safety from armed conflict or persecution

68
Q

asylum seekers

A

individuals who flee their home country and applies for protection, but their request for sanctuary has yet to be processed, once processed, ther are either given refugee status or refused and returned to their home country

69
Q

internally displaced person

A

individuals who leave their home due to conflict, human rights abuse, war, or environmental catastrophes, but do not leave their country to seek safety

70
Q

sun belt

A

the states in the south and west coast where in the 1960’s and 1970’s, larger numbers of white, middle-class Americans moved from older northeastern and Midwestern cities

71
Q

birth rate

A

number of live births in a single for every 1000 people

72
Q

mortality (death) rate

A

number of deaths in a single year for every 1000 people

73
Q

infant mortality rate

A

number of deaths during the 1st year of life per 1000

74
Q

maternal mortality rate

A

number of deaths during or shortly after childbirth per 100,000

75
Q

what is the steady natural increase rate (NIR)

A

2.1

76
Q

globalization

A

the process of increased interconnections among countries

77
Q

urbanization

A

refers to the movement of people to towns and cities and resulting expansion of rural areas

78
Q

cultural convergence

A

cultures become alike as interaction increase

79
Q

cultural divergance

A

the tendency for cultural groups to disassociate from others in order to protect or preserve their culture

80
Q

folk culture

A

Origins are usually Anonymous, isolated indigenous communities, heterogeneous

81
Q

popular culture

A

large heterogeneous groups of people so people of all different races and nationalities, uniformity is promoted

82
Q

hearth

A

the source of where something comes from

83
Q

language

A

method of communication (spoken/written)

84
Q

language family

A

a group of languages with a shared but fairly distant orgins

85
Q

dialect

A

variant of a standard language along regional and ethnic lines

86
Q

Christianity

A

universalizing, monotheistic, 2.1 billion followers

87
Q

Islam

A

universalizing, monotheistic, 1.3 billion followers

88
Q

Hindu

A

ethnic, monotheistic, 900 million followers

89
Q

Buddhism

A

universalizing, neither poly or mono, 376 million followers

90
Q

Sikhism

A

universalizing, monotheistic, 23 million

91
Q

Judiasim

A

ethnic, monotheistic, 14 million

92
Q

ethnic religion

A

people do not try to spread their religon

93
Q

universalizing religion

A

people try to spread the religion

94
Q

stage 1 of the epidemiologic transition

A

diseases, animal/human attacks

95
Q

stage 2 of the epidemiologic transition

A

receding pandemics, sanitation, nutrition leading to a lower CDR

96
Q

stage 3 of the epidemiological transition

A

degenerative man made diseases, heart disease, cancer, diabetes, obesity

97
Q

stage 4 of the epidemiological transition

A

delayed degenerative diseases, extended life expectancy due to medical advances

98
Q

stage 5 of the epidemiological tranisiton

A

resurgence of infectious diseases due to globalization

99
Q

toponym

A

a place-name

100
Q

Indo-European language family

A

family of languages that have come from one single language

101
Q

toponym

A

place names

102
Q

Emigrant

A

People that are migrating exiting a country

103
Q

immigrant

A

People migrating that are entering the country

104
Q

Pull factors

A

economic opportunity, better life

105
Q

Push factors

A

war, famine, political instability

106
Q

Sino Tibetan language family

A

mandarin, most native speakers

107
Q

ethnocentrism

A

the judging of another culture based on the values of your own culture

108
Q

cultural relativism

A

the idea that a persons beliefs and values should not be judged

APHUG (4 decks)

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