Antiparasitic agents Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Antiparasitic agents Deck (28)
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1
Q

Drugs used for prophylasis of malaria

A

chloroquine, primaquine

2
Q

Drugs used for treatment of active infection

A

chloroquine, primaquine, artemether/lumefantrine

3
Q

Drugs that treat blood stage

A

chloroquine and artemisinins

4
Q

Drugs that treat liver stage

A

primaquine

5
Q

Which antimalarials have gametocidal activity

A

artemether and primaquine

6
Q

MOA of chloroquine

A

inhibits biocrystallization of heme, must be transported into vacuoles, mutation of transporter causes resistance

7
Q

Therapeutic uses of chloroquine

A

clinical cure and prophylaxis against sensitive strains, can use during pregnancy

8
Q

Adverse reactions to chloroquine

A

well tolerated, at doses for active treatment can cause itching, headache GI effects. At high doses, some cardiovasculature effects

9
Q

What are the artemisins

A

artemether

10
Q

Artemether MOA

A

unclear, toxic free radical conversion by heme

11
Q

Pharmacokinetics of artemether

A

rapidly absorbed, but short half life, not good for prophylaxis

12
Q

Therapeutic use of artemether

A

fixed dose combination with lumefantrine, which has longer half life
good for MDR
IV for severe infections

13
Q

Adverse reactions to artemether

A

pretty safe, in animal models neurotoxicity and embryotoxicity

14
Q

Drugs that target liver stage

A

primaquine

15
Q

Adverse reactions to primaquine

A

drug induce hemolytic anemia in G6PD

16
Q

Systemic antiprotozoal agent

A

metronidazole

17
Q

Luminal antiprotozoal agent

A

paromomycin

18
Q

MOA of paromomycin

A

binds to 30S subunit to inhibit protein synth. not absorbed from GI tract

19
Q

Adverse reactions to paromomycin

A

GI distress

20
Q

Anti-helminthic drug that inhibits parasite Beta-tubulin

A

albendazole

21
Q

Therapeutic uses of albendazole

A

cestode infections (pork)
roundworm infections
pinworm (children)

22
Q

Adverse reactions to albendazole

A

generally well tolerated, teratogenic in animals, long term use can cause liver toxicity

23
Q

DOC for schistosomiasis

A

praziquantel

24
Q

MOA of praziquantel

A

increases Ca+ permability, leads to dislodgement and death

25
Q

OTC antihelminthic

A

pyrantel pamoate

26
Q

pyrantel pamoate MOA

A

depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent

27
Q

antihelminthic that activates glutamate gated Cl- channels

A

ivermectin

28
Q

What is Mazzotti reaction

A

reaction to dead worms, not drugs