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SG 3 BACTERIOLOGY > ANTIMICROBIALS > Flashcards

Flashcards in ANTIMICROBIALS Deck (17)
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1
Q

WHAT IS AN ANTIBIOTIC?

A

A CHEMICAL SUBSTANCE THAT IS PRODUCED BY MICROORGANISMS AND HAS THE CAPACITY IN DILUTE SOLUTION TO SELECTIVELY INHIBIT THE GROWTH OR KILL OTHER MICROORGANISMS

2
Q

ANTIMICROBIAL

A

ANY SUBSTANCE NATURAL, SEMISYNTHETIC, OR SYNTHETIC ORIGIN THAT KILLS OR INHIBITS THE GROWTH OF MICROORGANISMS BUT CAUE LITTLE OR NO DAMAGE TO THE HOST

3
Q

THERAPEUTIC USE

A

WHEN DISEASED ANIMALS ARE TREATED TO CURE INFECTION

4
Q

PROPHYACTIC USE

A

WHEN HEALTHY HERDS OR ANIMALS ARE TREATED TO PREVENT INFECTION

5
Q

METAPHYLACTIC USE

A

WHEN DISEASED HERDS ARE TREATED TO CURE INVENTION IN SOME INDIVIDUALS AND PREVENT INFECTION IN OTHERS

6
Q

GROWTH PROMOTION USE

A

WHEN HEALTHY ANIMALS ARE TREATED WITH LOW DOSE SUBTHERAPEUTIC CONCENTRATIONS IN FEED TO IMPROVE GROWTH RATE AND EFFICIENCY OF FEED UTILIZATION AD IMPROVE REPRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE

7
Q

BETA LACTAM SUB CATEGORIES

A

PENICILLINS
CEPHALOSPORINS
CARBAPANEMS

8
Q

NATURAL
SEMISYNTHETIC
SYNTHETIC

A

HIGH TOXICITY LOW EFFECTIVENESS
MID TOXICITY MID EFFECTIVENESS
LOW TOXICITY HIGH EFFECTIVENESS

9
Q

BACTERIOSTATIC DRUGS

A

INHIBIT GROWTH

10
Q

BACTERIOCIDAL DRUGS

A

KILL

11
Q

ANTIMICROBIALS ACTIONS

A
INHIBITION OF: 
CELL WALL SYNTHESIS -PENICILLIN
PROTEIN SYNTHESIS- TETRACYCLINE
DNA SYNTHESIS— FLUORIQUINONES 
CELL MEMBRANE INTEGRITY- COLISTIN 
FOLIC ACID METABOLISM- SULPHONAMIDES
12
Q

HOW DO BACTERIA ACQUIRE RESISTANCE

A

MUTATION

HORIZONTAL GENE TRANSFER

13
Q

HORIZONTAL GENE TRANSFER PROCESSES

A

TRANSFORMATION UPTAKE FREE DNA
TRANSDUCTION TRANSFER MEDIATED BY PHAGE
CONJUGATION CELL TO CELL CONTACT

14
Q

CORESISTANCE

A

CO EXISTENCE OF MULTIPLE GENES OR MUTATIONS ENCODING RESISTANCE TO DIFFERENT DRUGS WITHIN THE SAME STRAIN

15
Q

CO SELECTION

A

SELECTION OF MULTIPLE RESISTANT GENES WHEN ONE GENE IS SELECTED

16
Q

CROSS RESISTANCE

A

RESISTANCE AGAINST ONE COMPOUND GIVES AUTOMATICALLY RESISTANCE AGAINST ANOTHER COMPOUND

17
Q

HOT SPOTS FOR ANTIMICROBIAL SELECTION

A

AGRICULTURE
ANIMAL HUSBANDRY
HOUSEHOLD
INDUSTRY