Antihypertensive agents Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Antihypertensive agents Deck (18)
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1
Q

Diuretics used for hypertension

A

hydroclhorothiazide, chlorthalidone (better due to longer duration of action)

2
Q

MOA of diuretics

A

initially decrease vascular volume

long-term indirectly decreases TPR through depletion of calcium

3
Q

Dosing of Thiazides

A

low dose monotherapy lowers BP 10-15mm, takes 4-6 weeks

in combination with other antihypertensives reduces Na+ and water retention caused by vasodilators and sympatholytics

4
Q

Adverse effects of Thiazides

A

Hypokalemia (reduce sodium uptake)
Hyperuricemia (goat)
Hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia
Erectile dysfunction

5
Q

Prototype of loop diuretics

A

furosemide (not often used)

6
Q

Aldosterone antagonist prototype

A

Spironolactone (K+ sparring and survival benefit)

7
Q

MOA of ACE inhibitors

A

inhibits ACE and bradykinin degradation

8
Q

Prototype ACE inhibitors

A

captopril

9
Q

Which patients do ACE inhibitors greatly benefit

A

Diabetics (not associated with metabolic disturbances)

10
Q

Clinical advantages with ACE inhibitors

A

No cardiac, metabolic, bronchial, ED effects

Survival benefit

11
Q

Adverse effects of ACE inhibitors

A

Hyperkalemia, cough, angioedema, first dose hypotension (start on low dose)

12
Q

Angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) prototype

A

losartan

13
Q

Renin inhibitor prototype

A

aliskiren (usefulness unclear)

14
Q

CCBs used for hypertension

A

nifedipine, verapamil, diltiazem

15
Q

Vasodilators for hypertension

A

Nitroprusside, Hydralazine, Minoxidil

16
Q

Administration of nitroprusside

A

IV only during emergencies, decomposses to NO

17
Q

Hydralazine use

A

specifically for hypertension with CHF in AA patients

18
Q

Minoxidil use

A

seldom used due to serious adverse effects