H chain - define
heavy chain - 1 variable region 3-4 constant region
L chain - define
light chain - 1 variable region 1 constant region
Kappa chains - define
Type of L chain
Lamda chains - define
type of L chain
Fab - define
Fragment antibody - contains the variable L/H + CL/H (only one control domain
Fc - define
Fragment constant - only the heavy chains’ CH2, 3, (4)
Put in order on electrophretic separation:
Anode, cathode, albumin, alpha 1, alpha 2, beta, gamma peaks
Cathode | albumin, alpha 1, alpha 2, beta 1, beta 2, gamma | Anode
Heavy chain for IgG, IgE, IgD, IgA, IgM
G - 2 gamma chains
E - 2 epsiolon CH4 (4th domain) - affinity for mast cells (histamine) - allergies
D - 2 delta chains for baby cells - receptor molecule - note extra long hinge
A: 4 alpha chains, 1 J, and 1 S.C. chain
M: 10 mu, 1 J ring/chain
Hinge
Between Fab/Fc - can change conformation
Ig_ has secretory chain
IgA
Order immunoglobins classes from largest to smallest
M, A, E, D, G
Antibody combining site
3 CDR on each light/heavy chains
Once bound –> allosteric changes. Fc changes structurally
CDR
complementary determining region - also hypervariable region - random splicing
Allotype
minor allectic difference in sequence of immunoglobulins (ie. Ala vs Tyr on specific spot on heavy chain)
Idiotype
antibody with unique CDR - if sequence is recognized by another antibody- will behave as an antigen (Ab behaves as an Ag)
IgG is ___ valent?
Di
Immune complex can happen when:
antibody cross linking two antigen
Aggregation –> fall out of solution. Antigen is a molecule, aggregation is called ______; antigen is a cell, aggregation is called a ____
precipitation, agglutination
Ig_ is made by fetus
M
Ig_ cross placenta via _________________
IgG –> placenta via active transport
Ig_ is decavalent, can activate complement with # antibody
M
1
Ig_ needs __ antibody to complement
G, 2
IgG has half life of…
3 weeks
Phagocytic cells have FcR for Ig_ –> opsonizing
IgG
Ig_ is most common in blood
G
Ig_ in mucosa
A
Ig_ is first line of immunological defense
A
Ig_ for B cell receptors
D
Ig_ is responsible allergies/hypersensitivity
E
Ig_ is for ____ cells
mast/basophils (have FcR for IgE) –> histamines
precipitation of antigen/antibody will only form if they are _______ because of ______
Equal in concentration
Precipitation/agglutination
Complement for innate and adaptive immunity
Innate - lectin
Adaptive - classical
Order of complement via classical
C1q –> 4, 2, 3, 5,6,7,8,9
Order of alternative complement
Cell wall = P
P –> stablize C3b and anchor for factor B and D –> C3BDbC3b –> C5 –> 6,7,8,9
Autoimmunity
Lectin pathway - order
MBP is a lectin - binds foreign carbs
MBP –> Carbs –> 4,2,3,5.6,7,8,9
C_ and C_ does lytic
8,9
which complement components opsoninze?
C3b;
IgG opsonize for FcR of phagocytes
Chemotatic complement component
C5a
Anaphylatoxic complement component
C3a, C4a, C5a –> release histamine from mast/basophil –> increase inflammation –> increase blood flow
Lysis important for what family of bacterial
Neisseria (gonorrhrea + meningitis)
Reisstant for lysis –> phaogcytosed