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Biology- 4.1 Communicable Diseases > Antibodies > Flashcards

Flashcards in Antibodies Deck (13)
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1
Q

Remember the structure of an antibody

A

B

2
Q

What form the antigen-binding site?

A

The variable regions of the antibody

3
Q

What is the shape of the variable region complimentary to?

A

A particular antigen

4
Q

What do the variable regions differ between?

A

Antibodies

5
Q

What does the hinge region allow?

A

It allows flexibility when the antibody binds to the antigen

6
Q

What does the constant regions allow?

A

The binding to reception on immune system cells, e.g. Phagocytes.

7
Q

What do the disulphides bridges do?

A

Hold the polypeptide chains of the protein tigers he

8
Q

How many binding site to agglutination pathogens have?

A

They have two binding sites, so an antibody can bind to two pathogens at the same time - the pathogens become clumped together.

9
Q

What bind to the antibody of the agglutination pathogen?

A

Phagocytes then bind to the antibodies and phagocytise a lot of pathogens all at once. Antibodies that behave in this way are known as agglutinins.

10
Q

What kind of shape do toxins have?

A

Different shape

11
Q

What do the antibodies called anti-toxins bind to?

A

To the toxins produced by pathogens which prevents the toxins from affecting human cells, so the toxins are neutralised (inactivated).
The toxin-abot body complexes are also phagocytosed.

12
Q

What may happen when antibodies bind to the antigens on pathogens?

A

They may block the cell - surface receptors that the pathogens need to bind to the host cells which means the pathogen can’t attach to or infect the host cells.

13
Q

What are antibodies?

A

They are proteins - made up of chain of amino acid monomers linked by peptide bonds