Anti-inflammatory, Anti-allergy, Immuno-suppressant Drugs: Module 11 Flashcards Preview

Introduction to Pharmacology > Anti-inflammatory, Anti-allergy, Immuno-suppressant Drugs: Module 11 > Flashcards

Flashcards in Anti-inflammatory, Anti-allergy, Immuno-suppressant Drugs: Module 11 Deck (10)
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1
Q

Anti-histamines:

  • Compete with:
  • Relieve symptoms of:
  • Mast cells have high:
A
  • Anti-histamines block histamine effects in type 1 hypersensitivity reactions (allergic reactions) [diphenhydramine, chloropheniramine, fexofenadine, loratadine]
  • Compete with histamine for H1 receptors; do not displace already bound histamine
  • Relieve symptoms of allergy, do not give body immunity to allergen.
  • Mast cells have high concentration of histamine
2
Q

Anti-histamines

-Decrease:

Reduce fluid:

Inhibits smooth:

-Relieves:

A
  • Decrease dilation of small arterioles and tissue engorgement
  • Reduce fluid leakage that causes edema
  • Inhibits smooth muscle constriction (GI, bronchial, vascular)
  • Relieves itching symptoms
3
Q

Anti-histamines

When sensitized to an antigen, on repeated exposure mast cells release _________ that binds H1 receptors on _____ cells producing an ______ response

Anti-histamine drugs bind these receptor sites _____, preventing _______ _______

A

-When sensitized to an antigen, on repeated exposure mast cells release histamine that binds H1, receptors on effector cells producing an allergic response.

Anti-histamine drugs bind these receptor sites first, preventing histamine binding.

4
Q

Anti-histamines

Adverse Effects:

  • Gastrointestinal effects:
  • Cardiovascular effects:
A
  • Anti-histamine adverse effects most commonly center around CNS depression (dizziness, lassitude, fatigue, disturbed coordination, muscle weakness)
  • Gastrointesinal: epigastric distress, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, constipation, diarrhea, dry mouth/nose/throat.
  • Cardiovascular: hypotension, hypertension, rapid heart rate, arrhythmia.
5
Q

Corticosteroids:

  • Natural steroids:
  • Synthetic steroids:
  • Glucocorticoids:
  • Mineralocorticoids:
A
  • Corticosteroids supress immune responses, reduce inflammation
  • Natural steroids: hormones produced by adrenal cortex
  • Synthetic steroids: affect carbohydrate, protein metabolism [cortisone, hydracortisone, prednisone, dexamethasons]
  • Mineralocorticoids: regulate electrolyte, water balance [aldosterone, fludrocortison acetate]
6
Q

Corticosteroids

  • Glucocorticoids suppress:
    - Prevent:
    - Suppress:
    - Inhibit:
A

-Glucocorticoids suppress redness, edema, heat, and tenderness associated with inflammation.

  • Prevent plasma leakage from capillaries
  • suppress leukocyte migration
  • Inhibit phagocytosis
7
Q

Corticosteroids

  • Glucocorticoids suppress:
    - Prevent:
    - Suppress:
    - Inhibit:
A

-Glucocorticoids suppress redness, edema, heat, and tenderness associated with inflammation.

  • Prevent plasma leakage from capillaries
  • suppress leukocyte migration
  • Inhibit phagocytosis
8
Q

Corticosteroids Adverse Effects

  • Corticosteroids affect almost?
  • Wide-spread effects
  • Endocrine system reactions:
A
  • Corticosteroids affect almost all body systems
  • Wide-spread effects: insomnia increased sodium/water retention, increased potassium excretion, suppressed immune and inflammatory responses, osteoporosis, intestinal perforation, peptic ulcers, impaired wound healing.
  • Enocrine system reactions: diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidema, adrenal atrophy, hypothalamic-pituitary axis suppression, cushiongoid signs and symptoms.
9
Q

Other Immunosuppressants

  • Non-corticosteroids:
  • Cyclosporin:
A
  • Non-corticosteroids: prevent transplant organ rejection, treat auto-immune disease [cyclosporin]
  • Cyclosporin: weakens immune system’s ability to fight, kill cancerous, perhaps even grow aggressively
10
Q

Uricosurics

  • For Anti-gout drugs:
    • Probenecid, sulfinpyrazone:
    • Allopurinol:
    • Colchicine:
  • Adverse effects:
A

For Anti-gout drugs: exert effects through anti-inflammatory actions.

  • Probenecid, sulfinpyrazone: reduce re-absorption of uric acid at proximal convoluted tubules of kidneys ➡ increases uric acid excretion in urine; do not take during acute gouty attack as prolongs inflammation
  • Allopurinol: inhibit enzyme responsible for uric acid production.
  • Colchicine: reduces inflammatory response to monosodium urate crystals deposited in joint tissues

Adverse effects: uric acid stone formation, blood abnormalities.