Anti-Hypertension Drug Therapy Flashcards Preview

Nurs 5229 Clinical Pharmacotherapeutics > Anti-Hypertension Drug Therapy > Flashcards

Flashcards in Anti-Hypertension Drug Therapy Deck (47)
Loading flashcards...
1
Q

Most patient will require more than

A

one BP medication to reach goal BP

2
Q

Initial Therapy

A

Thiazide-type diuretics
Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)inhibitors/angiotensinII receptor blockers (ARBs)
Calcium channel blockers

3
Q

First line therapy for HF and HTN

A

diuretics

4
Q

reduces extracellular flid

A

diuretics

5
Q

ADR for Diuretics

A

electrolyte imbalance

6
Q

drug interactions diruetics

A

protentional additive hypotensive effects with other drugs that lower BP

7
Q

Diuretics’ MOA

A

Blockade of sodium and chloride reabsorption

8
Q

Diuretics site of action

A

Proximal tubule produces greatest diuresis

9
Q

Diuretics adverse effects

A

Hypovolemia
Acid-base imbalance
Electrolyte imbalances

10
Q

Classifications of Diuretics

A

Thiazide diuretics
Loop diuretics
Potassium sparing diuretics

11
Q

Loop Diuretic Example

A

Furosemide, bumetanide, torsemide

12
Q

Potassium-Sparing Diuretics useful response

A

Useful responses
Modest increase in urine production
Substantial decrease in potassium excretion

13
Q

Potassium-Sparing Diuretics are rarely used

A

Rarely used alone for therapy

14
Q

Potassium-Sparing Diuretics example

A

Amiloride,triamterene,spironolactone, andeplerenone

15
Q

Potassium-Sparing Diuretics act on

A

Primary used in combination with a loop or thiazide diuretic

16
Q

Potassium-Sparing Diuretics primary used in combination with

A

combination with a loop or thiazide diuretic

17
Q

Potassium-Sparing Diuretics monitor

A

serum potassium

18
Q

Spironolactone is a

A

Aldosterone antagonist

19
Q

Spironolactone MOA

A

Blocks aldosterone in the distal nephron
Retention of potassium
Increased excretion of sodium

20
Q

Spironolactone Uses

A
Edematous states
Heart failure (decreases mortality in severe failure)
Primary hyperaldosteronism
Premenstrual syndrome
Polycystic ovary syndrome
Acne in young women
21
Q

Spironolactone ADR

A

Hyperkalemia
Benign and malignant tumors
Endocrine effects

22
Q

Interactions

A

Thiazide and loop diuretics

Agents that raise potassium levels

23
Q

ACE Effects and MOA

A

Reduce levels of angiotensin II

Increase levels of bradykinin

24
Q

ACE Use

A

HTN, HF, MI, diabetic and non-diabetic nephropathy; prevention of MI, stroke, and death in patients at high CV risk

25
Q

ACE ADR

A

diuretics, anti-HTN agents, drugs that raise potassium, lithium, NSAIDs.

26
Q

ACE Interactions

A

diuretics, anti-HTN agents, drugs that raise potassium, lithium, NSAIDs.

27
Q

Angiotensin II Receptor Blocker MOA

A
Block access of angiotensin II
Cause dilation of arterioles and veins
Prevent angiotensin II from inducing pathologic changes in cardiac structure
Reduce excretion of potassium
Decrease release of aldosterone
Increase renal excretion of sodium and water
Do not inhibit kinase II
Do not increase levels of bradykinin
28
Q

Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers use

A

Therapeutic uses: HTN, HF, MI, diabetic nephropathy, patient unable to tolerate ACE inhibitors, may prevent development of diabetic retinopathy

29
Q

Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers ADR

A

angioedema, fetal harm, renal failure

30
Q

Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers benefit

A

Lower incidence of cough

31
Q

CCB are drugs that

A

Drugs that prevent calcium ions from entering cells

32
Q

CCB greatest impact is on the

A

Greatest impact on heart and blood vessels

33
Q

CCB used to treat

A

Used to treat hypertension, angina pectoris, and cardiac dysrhythmias

34
Q

CCB is also known as

A

calcium antagonists and slow channel block`ers

35
Q

Types of calcium channel blockers

A

Dihydropyridines

non-Dihydropyridines

36
Q

dihydropyridines example

A

nifedipine,isradipine,felodipine,nicardipine,nisoldipine, lacidipine, andamlodipine

37
Q

non-dihydropyridines example

A

verapamil and diltiazem

38
Q

Dihydropyridines are

A

Potent vasodilators

39
Q

Dihydropyridines little or no

A

Little or no negative effect upon cardiac contractility or conduction.

40
Q

Dihydropyridines use to treat

A

Use to treat hypertension or chronic stable angina.

41
Q

Dihydropyridines are longer-

A

Longer-acting agents are generally safer and are increasingly preferred.

42
Q

Non-dihydropyridines use

A

Uses: HTN, chronic stable angina, cardiac arrhythmias, proteinuria reduction

43
Q

Non-dihydropyridines less potent

A

Less potent vasodilation

44
Q

Non-dihydropyridines greater

A

depression effect on cardiac condution and contractility

45
Q

Dihydropyridines SE

A

headache, lightheadedness, flushing, and dose-dependent edema

46
Q

Non-dihydropyridines SE

A

dose-dependent constipation, bradycardia and worsening cardiac output

47
Q

Non-dihydropyridines CI

A

pt beta blockers or who have heart failure with reduced ejection fraction , sick sinus syndrome, and second- or third-degree atrioventricular block