Anorectal Disorders Flashcards Preview

GI - Year 2 > Anorectal Disorders > Flashcards

Flashcards in Anorectal Disorders Deck (12)
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1
Q

What are the common presentations of anorectal disorders?

A

Pain
Haemorrhage
Dysfunction

2
Q

What are the classifications of anorectal disorders?

A

Inflammation
Infection
Malignancy
Trauma

3
Q

What are 3 congenital anorectal abnormalities?

A

Imperforated anus
Urogenital fistulae
Hirschprung’s myenteric plexus deficiency

4
Q

What are some acquired anorectal abnormalities?

A
Haemorrhoids
Fissure
Abscess
Fistula-in-ano
Ulceration
Cancer
Control of continence
5
Q

What is a stapled anopexy?

A

Procedure used for prolapse and haemorrhoids

6
Q

How is relaxation of the internal anal sphincter done?

A
Medical:
- topical nitric oxide
- 0.2% glyceryl trinitrate paste
- 2% diltiazem calcium blocker
Surgical
- internal lateral sphincterotomy
7
Q

How is a perianal abscess dealt with?

A

Incision and drainage

8
Q

How does an MRI guided colonoscopy work?

A

EM transmission coils every 10cm in the colonoscope which generate pulsed low voltage magnetic fields
External receiver coils locate and orientate transmission coils on 3D screen

9
Q

What is the treatment for anal squamous cancer?

A

Radiotherapy

10
Q

What is the treatment for rectal adenocarcinoma?

A

Neo-adjuvant chemo/radiotherapy

Laparoscopic resection

11
Q

What are the duke stages?

A
A - in submucosa
B1 - into muscle
B2 - into wall
C1 - nodes not apical
C2 - nodes apical
D - distant metastasis
12
Q

What causes anal ulceration?

A

Crohns disease
Malignancy
Syphilis ‘chancre’
Nicorandil