Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Q3 Clin Med II Test 1 (Heme) > Anemia 1 > Flashcards

Anemia 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Anemia definition?

A

↓ in circulating RBC mass

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Normal Anemia Values:

Women

Men

Hgb:Hct

A

women: Hgb < 12 - 16 g/dl, Hct < 35 - 45%
men: Hgb < 14 - 18 g/dl, Hct < 40 - 50%
1: 3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Hct =

A

Hct = vol of packed RBC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

RBCs removed by what organ?

A

spleen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Steps in Development of RBCs

Erythropoiesis

A 
Pluripotent Stem Cell >
Erythroid Colony Forming Unit (CFU-E) >
Proerythroblast >
Nomoblast >
Reticulocyte >
Erythrocyte (RBC)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is a Retic Count?

A

count of reticulocytes,
indication of RBC production,
retics stain blue (lots of blue = lots of new)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Value of normal retic count?

A

0.5 - 2.5%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Retics take how long to mature into RBCs once released into blood stream?

A

1 - 2 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

3 causes of anemia?

A

1) ↓ RBC production
(iron, B12, folic acid deficiencies, chronic dx)

2) ↑ RBC destruction (hemolysis)
3) Blood loss (bleeding)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

3 RBC sizes?

A

normoblast
microblast
macroblast

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Mean Cell Volume (MCV) is?

A

calculated value used to determine average RBC size

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

MCV =

A

hct / red cell count

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Normal MCV values?

A

80 - 100 fl

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Microcytic MCV value?

A

< 80 fl

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Mean Cell Hemoglobin (MCH) and

Mean Cell Hgb Concentration (MCHC) test what?

A

amount of hgb in RBCs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

MCH =

normal value =

A

MCH = hgb / RBC

normal = 26 -34

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

MCHC =

normal value =

A

MCHC = hgb / hct

normal = 32 -36

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Red Cell Distribution Width (RDW) is?

A

indicator of degree of variation in size of RBC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Normal RDW =

A

11 - 15%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Anisocytosis?

A

variation in size of RBC > 15%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Standard lab tests for anemia eval? (4)

A

CBC
RBCs (MCV, MCH, MCHC, RDW)
Retic Count
Peripheral smear

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Signs/sxs of anemia U not noticeable until Hgb of what?

A

< 10

23
Q

Anemia sxs? (6)

A 
fatigue/weakness,
lightheaded/syncope (U) w/ orthostatic ∆s,
dyspnea OE,
palpitations,
HA,
Pica for ice, clay, starch
24
Q

Anemia signs?

A 
pallor,
↑ pulse,
↓ BP w/ ortho,
systolic murmur,
hyperdynamic impulse,
heme in stool (if blood loss)
25
Q

Anemia late signs? (3)

A

glossitis
cheilitis
koilonychia

26
Q

3 categories of Anemia?

A

1) Hypochromic/Microcytic
2) Normochromic/Normocytic
3) Macrocytic

27
Q

Hypochromic/Microcytic caused by?

A

iron deficiency
thalassemia
sideroblastic
lead poisoning

28
Q

Normochromic/Normocytic caused by?

A

hypothyroidism
liver dx
chronic dx

29
Q

Macrocytic caused by?

A

folate, B12 deficiencies

30
Q

Fe Deficiency Anemia (IDA) caused by? (4)

A

(U) menstrual
↑ requirements w/ pregnancy
GI blood loss
↓ absorption

31
Q

IDA typical Labs Results:

MCV

Color/size

RDW

A

MCV = normal in EARLY IDA

Hypochromic/microcytic

RDW = high (high variation of size)

32
Q

IDA Special Labs Results:

Serum Ferritin (Fe storage protein)

Serum Fe

TIBC

Bone Marrow

A

Serum Ferritin = ↓
(first measure to fall in IDA, if low then diagnostic)

Serum Fe = ↓ to < 50 µg/dl
TIBC = ↑ to > 450 µg/dl
**order Serum Fe and TIBC together

Bone Marrow = absent Fe stores

33
Q

What is diagnostic test for IDA?

A

Ferritin below 10 ng/dl (or 10 mg/ 100 mL)

↓ Ferritin U precedes other signs of Fe deficiency

34
Q

First move in treating IDA?

A

Identify cause

35
Q

IDA tx?

A

1) tx cause
2) replace Fe
3) blood transfusion if cerebrovascular or cardiopulmonary sxs

36
Q

Fe replacement med?

A

oral ferrous sulfate 325 mg BID - TID
until corrected and + 6 add’l months

IV if can’t absorb

37
Q

Thalassemias are?

Result in?

(C) in what ethnicities?

A

inherited Hgb production disorders

↓ prodxn of α- or β- globulin chains

Mediterranean, African, Mid Eastern, Indian, Asian

38
Q

Normal Hgb genes?

A

αα/αα + β/β

39
Q

α-thalassemia results in?

↓ in 1 α =

↓ in 2 α =

↓ in 3 α =

↓ in 4 α =

A

↓ fxn of any of the α-chain genes:

↓ α-1 = mild microcytosis

↓ α-2 = mild hypochromic/microcytic

↓ α-3 = hemolytic anemia, splenomegaly

↓ α-4 = hydrops fetalis (stillbirth)

40
Q

β-thalassemia results in?

dysfxn of 1 β-globulin chain =

dysfxn of both β-globulin chains =

A

↓ or absent β-globulin chains:

1 β = Thalassemia Minor
(asymp; hypo/micro)

2 β = Thalassemia Major (Cooley’s)
(U) death < 30 yo

41
Q

Thalassemia typical Lab Results:

MCV

color/size

RDW

shape

will also see

A

MCV = low

color/size = hypo/micro

RDW = normal (all RBC are small)

shape = Poikilocytosis (abn shapes)

Target Cells
Nucleated RBCs

42
Q

Thalassemia tx? (2)

Goal of tx?

A

1) transfusion (1-2 units/month)
2) Fe chelation (for Fe overload from transfusions)

Goal = Hgb > 9 g/dl
(prevent skeletal issues)

43
Q

2 kinds of Microcytic Anemia?

A

1) IDA

2) Thalassemias

44
Q

Testing Summary for Microcytic Anemia

1st and 2nd tests

A

1st test: Serum Ferritin
if low = IDA
otherwise >

2nd tests: Serum Fe and TIBC

45
Q

Anemia of Chronic Dx (ACD) common result of?

A

inflammatory dx, malignancy, autoimmune dx, chronic infections

46
Q

ACD typical Lab Results:

color/size

Ferritin

may also see

A

color/size = Normo/Normo

Ferritin = normal or ↑

may also see microcytes

NO diagnostic test

47
Q

ACD tx?

A

Treat underlying dx

(P) erythropoetin

48
Q

Myelodysplastic Syndrome is?

Results in?

May progress to?

A

Acquired hematopoietic stem cell disorder

refractory anemia

bone marrow failure or leukemia

49
Q

Myelodysplastic Syndrome etiology?

A

idiopathic or

2º to radiation, chemo or toxins

50
Q

Sideroblastic Anemia is?

A

heterogeneous disorders w/ abnormal RBC Fe metabolism

51
Q

Sideroblastic Anemia etiology?

A

hereditary or

acquired from toxins, malignancy, chronic inflamm or infections

52
Q

Sideroblastic Anemia typical Lab Results:

MCV

Serum Fe

Bone marrow

may also see

A

MCV = ↑, ↓, or normal

Serum Fe = normal or ↑

Characteristic bone marrow findings

Anisocytosis
Poikilocytosis
Ringed sideroblasts
Fe deposits

53
Q

Sideroblastic Anemia tx?

A

tx underlying cause

supportive

54
Q

DDX Process for Anemias:

Fe, TIBC and Ferritin

A

Fe ↓ and TIBC high
Ferritin ↓ (Fe/TIBC < 16%) = ID

Fe, TIBC and Ferritin normal = Fe deficiency is unlikely

Fe and TIBC ↓ = (P) ACD
Ferritin normal or ↑

Fe ↑ and TIBC normal = (P) Thalassemia
Ferritin ↑

Q3 Clin Med II Test 1 (Heme) (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions