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MSK - 3rd year > Anatomy Review Q's (The Back) > Flashcards

Anatomy Review Q's (The Back) Flashcards

anatomy of spine 1 (1-44)

1
Q

What’s this opening called?

A

vertebral foramen

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2
Q

What’s this opening called?

A

intervertebral foramen

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3
Q

How much of the vertebral column height is achieved by the discs?

A

a fourth; 25%

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4
Q

Lumbosacral angle is normally

a. 110
b. 130
c. 170
d. 227

A

b. 130

(130-160 is normal)

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5
Q

Where is the concentric lamellae thicker?

a. anteriorly
b. posteriorly

A

a. anteriorly

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6
Q

What kind of joints are zygapophysial joints?

A

synovial plane joints

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7
Q

Organize the kind of vertebrae from most movable to least movable

a. cervical-> thoracic-> lumbar-> sacral and coccyx
b. sacral-> thoracic-> cervical-> lumbar and coccyx
c. cervical-> lumbar-> thoracic-> sacral and coccyx
d. lumbar-> cervical-> thoracic-> sacral and coccyx

A

c. cervical-> lumbar-> thoracic-> sacral and coccyx

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8
Q

What’s derived from the notochord?

a. concentric lamellae
b. annulus fibrosis
c. nucleus pulposus

A

c. nucleus pulposus

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9
Q

Which of the following has a perforated transverse process?

a. cervical vertebra
b. lumbar vertebra
c. thoracic vertebra

A

a. cervical vertebra

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10
Q

Which of the following kidney-shaped body?

a. cervical vertebra
b. lumbar vertebra
c. thoracic vertebra

A

b. lumbar vertebra

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11
Q

Which of the following bifid spinous?

a. cervical vertebra
b. lumbar vertebra
c. thoracic vertebra

A

a. cervical vertebra

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12
Q

Which of the following circular vertebral foramen?

a. cervical vertebra
b. lumbar vertebra
c. thoracic vertebra

A

c. thoracic vertebra

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13
Q

T/F: there are discs between all vertebrae

A

False, the area between C1 and C2 doesn’t have a disc

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14
Q

What’s the arterial supply to the nucleus pulposus?

A

its avascular!

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15
Q

Describe the changes in the intervertebral joint as age increases

A

lose water (dehydrate)

lose elastin

lose proteoglycans

gain collagen

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16
Q

Which trabeculae takes more weight?

a. vertical
b. horizontal

A

b. horizontal

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17
Q

Which trabeculae is found in the xray of osteoporosis patients?

a. vertical
b. horizontal

A

a. vertical

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18
Q

What happens to the vertebral body in osteoporosis?

a. becomes more concave
b. becomes more convex

A

a. becomes more concave

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19
Q

Describe the hyaline cartilage endplate Xray in a patient with osteoporosis

A

more prominent (looks more white and less opaque)

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20
Q

You see a vertebra with articular facets pointing posteriorly and anteriorly. What type of vertebra is it?

a. cervical
b. thoracic
c. lumbar

A

b. thoracic

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21
Q

Which of the following rectangular-shaped body with a concave superior surfaces?

a. cervical vertebra
b. lumbar vertebra
c. thoracic vertebra

A

a. cervical vertebra

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22
Q

What hold the dens in place?

A

transverse ligament

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23
Q

Which of the following heart-shaped body?

a. cervical vertebra
b. lumbar vertebra
c. thoracic vertebra

A

c. thoracic vertebra

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24
Q

T/F: the vertebral artery does through the transverse process of all 7 cervical vertebra

A

false, it doesn’t go through C7

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25
Q

What three structures make up the vertebral arch?

A

lamina

pedicle

spinous process

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26
Q

You see a vertebra with articular facets pointing laterally and medially. What type of vertebra is it?

a. cervical
b. thoracic
c. lumbar

A

c. lumbar

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27
Q

What branches to become the vertebral artery?

A

basilar artery

28
Q

Which of the following stages of vertebral dislocation can cause spinal cord injury?

a. stage 1
b. stage 2
c. stage 3
d. stage 4

A

d. stage 4 (AKA spondylolisthesis)

the spinal cord isn’t usually injured (because of the large vertebral canal) unless its a severe injury

29
Q

The intervertebral disc between C3 and C4 got prolapsed. Which cranial nerve is affected?

A

C4

30
Q

Which is described as the hyperextension of the head over the neck?

a. Jefferson fracture
b. Hangman’s fracture
c. Whiplash

A

b. Hangman’s fracture

31
Q

Which occurs if someone decided to carry 100kg on his head?

a. Jefferson fracture
b. Hangman’s fracture
c. Whiplash

A

a. Jefferson fracture

(vertical forces exerting on head)

32
Q

Other than though dislocation, how does the spinal cord get injured?

A

when the transverse ligament ruptures

33
Q

Which is described as the hyperextension of the head and neck?

a. Jefferson fracture
b. Hangman’s fracture
c. Whiplash

A

c. Whiplash

34
Q

Whats the only ligament preventing extension of the back?

a. anterior longitudinal ligament
b. posterior longitudinal ligament
c. inter-transverse ligament
d. supraspinatus ligament

A

a. anterior longitudinal ligament

35
Q

What’s the most common cervical vertebrae injury?

A

vertebral arch of axis injury

36
Q

Which vertebra has the smallest foramen due to the pedicle joining with the vertebral body?

A

L5

37
Q

osteophytes growing at vertebral facet joints are called

a. spondylosis
b. osteoarthrosis

A

b. osteoarthrosis

38
Q

osteophytes growing at the margins of the vertebral bodies are called

a. spondylosis
b. osteoarthrosis

A

a. spondylosis

39
Q

Why do most herniations of the IVD occur posterolaterally instead of just posteriorly?

A

because of the PLL (posterior longitudinal ligament)

40
Q

What innervated the facet joints?

A

innervated by medial branches of the posterior ramus of two adjacent spinal nerves

41
Q

What extends from lamina to lamina?

a. nuchal ligament
b. ligamenta flava
c. inter-transverse ligament
d. supraspinatus ligament
e. inter-spinous ligament

A

b. ligamenta flava

42
Q

Which of the following is a pivot joint

a. Medial Atlanto-axial joint
b. Lateral Atlanto-axial joints
c. Atlanto-occipital joints

A

a. Medial Atlanto-axial joint

43
Q

Which of the following is a synovial condylar joint?

a. Medial Atlanto-axial joint
b. Lateral Atlanto-axial joints
c. Atlanto-occipital joints

A

c. Atlanto-occipital joints

44
Q

Which of the following limits the “no” movement?

a. Alar Ligament
b. Superior Long band
c. Inferior Long band
d. Transverse ligament

A

a. Alar Ligament

45
Q

Which of the following are due to a variation in the length of the intervertebral discs?

a. primary curvatures of spine
b. secondary curvatures of spine
c. scoliosis

A

b. secondary curvatures of spine

46
Q

Excessive kyphosis is called

a. hollow back
b. humpback

A

b. humpback

47
Q

What helps the cervical region has a bigger range of movement?

a. the muscles of the neck
b. the slenderness of the neck

A

b. the slenderness of the neck

(the more narrow, the larger the range of movement)

48
Q

What causes the primary curvature of the spine to form?

A

the height of the vertebral body anteriorly is shorter than posteriorly

49
Q

Which is concave anteriorly?

a. cervical
b. thoracic
c. lumbar

A

b. thoracic

50
Q

Which nerves are usually compressed in sciatica?

A

S5/L1

51
Q

Why does sciatica often occur in the lumbar region?

A

the intervertebral foramina are smaller, and the diameter of the spinal nerve is larger

52
Q

The intervertebral disc between L4 and L5 got prolapsed. Which cranial nerve is affected?

A

L4

53
Q

Which of the following supply the transverse process?

a. periosteal branches
b. equatorial branches
c. spinal branches
d. nutrient branches

A

a. periosteal branches

54
Q

Vertebra in the thoracic region gets supplied by branched of which artery?

A

intercostal artery

55
Q

Which of the following run perpendicularly to supply the body of the vertebra?

a. periosteal branches
b. equatorial branches
c. spinal branches
d. nutrient branches

A

b. equatorial branches

56
Q

Which of the following supply the connective tissue surrounding the vertebra?

a. periosteal branches
b. equatorial branches
c. spinal branches
d. nutrient branches

A

a. periosteal branches (supplies the periosteum)

57
Q

Which of the following goes through the intervertebral foramen to the vertebral canal?

a. periosteal branches
b. equatorial branches
c. spinal branches
d. nutrient branches

A

c. spinal branches

58
Q

Which of the following connects to form the arterial circle around the spinal cord?

a. periosteal branches
b. equatorial branches
c. spinal branches
d. nutrient branches

A

c. spinal branches

59
Q

Which of the following supplies blood to the spinal cord and the meninges covering it?

a. periosteal branches
b. equatorial branches
c. spinal branches
d. nutrient branches

A

c. spinal branches

60
Q

How does a tumor in the liver or thyroid make its way into the vertebral column?

A

it travels through the veinous plexus

61
Q

Which nerve comes from the trunk of the spinal nerves?

A

recurrent meningeal branches (of Luschka)

62
Q

Most of the vertebral column is innervated by __X__, except the facet joints are innervated by the ___Y___

A

X= recurrent branches of Luschka

Y= medial branch of the posterior rami of two adjacent spinal nerves

63
Q

Why are Latissimus dorsi and Levator scapulae Innervated by anterior rami of spinal nerves?

A

The developmentally belong to the ventral side

64
Q

Which muscles are used to go from an extended position to a neutral position (flexion)?

A

rectus abdominis and psoas major

65
Q

injury to ligaments in the back indicate

a. back strain
b. back sprain

A

b. back sprain

66
Q

injury to muscles in the back indicate

a. back strain
b. back sprain

A

a. back strain

MSK - 3rd year (19 decks)

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