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Flashcards in Anatomy of the Medulla Deck (34)
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1
Q

Brain stem

A

part of CNS betwen diacephalon ( thalamus & hypothalamus ) and cranial end of spinal cord
It has 3 parts : Midbrain (from the lower part of the thalamus to the pons) / pons / medulla oblongata

2
Q

Functions of brain stem :

A

1- A conduit for ascending and descending tracts connecting spinal cord to cerebellum and different parts of the higher centers in the forebrain ( main structure that connects spinal cord to cerebellum, cerebrum, diacephalic structures )
2- controls reflex centers associated with control of resp and CVS system and control of consciousness ( reticular activating system )
3- contains nuclei of cranial nerve 3 and 12 ( except the olfactory and optic nerve all other cranial nerves originate from the brainstem region )

3
Q

Brain stem extends from?

A

The diancephalon ( thalamus and hypothalamus ) to the level of upper border of 1st cervical vertebra where its continuous with the spinal cord (So, lower part of medulla oblongata is passing through the foramen magnum and NOT SPINAL CORD) SC starts at a little lower level.

4
Q

What happens in increased intracranial pressure ?

A

The lower part of medulla oblongata and cerebrum herniate ( descendes down foramen magnum and gets injured at that
part )

5
Q

Cavities inside different parts of the brainstem :

A

Midbrain : cerebrum aqueduct

Pons, Medulla oblongata : 4th ventricle, continues down as the central canal of medulla oblongata

6
Q

Parts of medulla oblongata :

A

Lower closed part where the central canal of medulla oblongata is present

Upper open part where the 4th ventricle is present

7
Q

The central canal extends through the spinal cord and expands in the …… as …….

A

lumbar enlargement, terminal ventricle

8
Q

Cavity of cerebrum is called

A

Lateral ventricle ( right and left )

9
Q

Cavity between left and right thalamus is called

A

Third ventricle

10
Q

Rt and Lt ventricles communicates w 3rd ventricle through the ……

A

Interventricular foramen

11
Q

Ventricles are filled w …. produced by ….., which is……

A

CSF, choroid plexus : tough capillaries covered by ependyma

12
Q

Pathway of CSF

A

From lateral ventricles > IVF > 3rd ventricle > ceberal aqueduct (narrowest part of ventricular system) > 4th ventricle > general subarachnoid space ( median aperture & 2 lateral aperture ) > central canal of medulla > central canal of spinal cord
so the ventricle communicate w subarachnoid space at 3 points

13
Q

CSF goes down to ….

A

SC, cerebellum, all over the brain, then absorbed into the dural venous sinus via ARACHNOID VILLI (pressure difference)

14
Q

4th ventricle communicates with subarachnoid space through

A

foramen of Luska (related to medulla oblongata) and foramen Magendie

15
Q

What is cisterna ?

A

Largest (spacious) of the subarachnoid space

16
Q

Cerebellum is attached to the …….. on its …… . Cisterna magna or cerebellomedullary cistern is related to the …….. of the ……….

A

brain stem, dorsal side

dorsal side, medulla oblongata

17
Q

2.Middle cerebellar peduncle connects …… to …….. Interpeduncular fossa/cistern of subarachnoid space lie between the ……… of the………

A

pons, cerebellum

two crus cerebri, midbrain

18
Q

CSF flows through the ventricles and into the subarachnoid space via……….

A

median & lateral apertures

19
Q

Midbrain CN

A

CN III oculomotor, IV trochlear ( trochlear is the only cranial nerve arising from the dorsal aspect of the midbrain and it is crossed )

20
Q

Pons

A

CN V trigeminal

21
Q

Ponto-medullary junction

A

CN VI, VII. VIII (from med to lat - abducens, facial, vestibulotrochlear)

22
Q

Medulla

A

CN IX,X, XI, XII
( 9,10,11 attached to posterolateral sulcus,
12 attached to anterolateral sulcus )

23
Q

Anterior view of Medulla O :

1- Anterior median fissure :

A

continuation of the anterior median fissure of the spinal cord. Lower part of it is closed by decussation (crossing) of the pyramids

24
Q

2- pyramids :

A

Surface elevations produced by the underlying corticospinal (pyramidal) tract fibers.

25
Q

Olive

A

Oval shaped surface elevation produced by the underlying INFERIOR olivary nucleus in the grey matter inside the brain

26
Q

Between the pyramids and olive is the ……. rootlets of ……. are attached here

A

anterolateral sulcus, hypoglossal

27
Q

Posterior to …… is posterolateral sulcus. ……. CN are attached here

A

Olive, 9, 10, 11

28
Q

Sensory root of facial nerve is

A

between its motor root and vestibocochlear nerve ( CN VIII )

29
Q

Parts of accessory nerve CNXI

A

1- fibers attached to the posterolateral sulcus form the cranial root of spinal nerve
2- fibers coming from the upper five segments of the spinal cord form the spinal root of the cranial nerve

30
Q

Cranial nerve distributed through the

A

vagus nerve

31
Q

Spinal root supplies

A

2 muscles of the neck

32
Q

Ext surface of MO ( POST view )

A

1-Posterior median sulcus
2- Fasiculus gracilis terminating as Gracile tubercle produced by nucleus gracilis
3- LATERAL to it is fasculus cuneatus and cuneate tubercle
4- LATERAL MOST is ICP : connects MO and SC to cerebellum

33
Q

Cerebellum is connected to midbrain by 3 parts

A

SUP, MID, INF CP

34
Q

Upper part of the posterior surface medulla forms the lower part of the

A

Floor of 4th ventricle