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RB Y3 3 Reproduction & Sexual Health > Anatomy of the Female Reproductive Tract > Flashcards

Anatomy of the Female Reproductive Tract Flashcards

1
Q

where does excess fluid in the peritoneal cavity collect

A

pouch of douglas

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2
Q

what procedure can be performed to drain the pouch of douglas

A

culdocentesis - needle passed through pos fornix of vagina

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3
Q

what is the broad ligament formed from

A

double layer of peritoneum

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4
Q

what does the broad ligament attach to

A

the uterus, fallopian tubes and ovary

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5
Q

what is the function of the broad ligament

A

to maintain the uterus in the correct midline position

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6
Q

name the 3 parts of the broad ligament adn what they enclose

A
  • mesometrium - largest section, surrounds uterus
  • mesovarium - attaches to hilum of ovary, doesnt cover ovary surface
  • mesosalpinx - encloses the fallopian tubes
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7
Q

what structure are the round, ovarian and suspensory ligament all enclosed in

A

broad ligament

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8
Q

what does the ovarian ligamenet run between

A

ovary and side of uterus - joint the uterus just below th eorigin of the fallopian tubes

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9
Q

what is the ovarian ligament formed from structurally

A

fibrous band of tissue that lies wtihin the broad ligament

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10
Q

what does the suspensory ligament of the ovary connect

A

ovary to lateral abdominal wall

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11
Q

what does the suspensory ligament of the ovary contain

A

ovarian vessels and nerves

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12
Q

whichb embryological structure is the round ligament a remnant of

A

gubernaculum

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13
Q

outline the passage of the round ligament

A

originates at uterine horns

passes through inguinal canal

attaches to labia majora

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14
Q

where is the fundus of the uterus

A
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15
Q

where does implantation of the zygote normally occur in the uterus

A

body

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16
Q

what structures hold hte uterus in position

A

ligaments - eg uterosacral ligaments

endopelvic fascia

muscles of pelvic floor

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17
Q

what can cause uterine prolapse

A

weakness of the supporting structures of the uterus - eg damage to pelvic floor

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18
Q

which angles do anteversion and anteflexion relate to in the position of the uterus

A

anteverted - the cervix is tipped anteriorly relative to the axis of the vagina

anteflexed - the uterus is tipped anteriorly relative to the axis of the cervix

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19
Q

name abnormal positions of the uterus

A

retroverted or retroflexed

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20
Q

what does abnormal positioning of the uterus predispose one to

A

uterine prolapse when there is inc intraabdominal pressure

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21
Q

what epithelium is present in teh cervix

A

columnar epithelium

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22
Q

are there glands in the vagina and cervix?

A

there are glands in the cervix - these secrete either a watery or thick secretion depending on menstrual time. secretion flows down and lubricates vagina (no glands here)

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23
Q

what are the 4 histological layers of the vagina

A

non keratinized stratified squamous

lamina propria

fibromuscular layer

adventitia

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24
Q

which layer of the vagina secretes glycogen, and what is the reason for this

A

the stratified squamous epithelium

it is metabolized by commensal bacteria (Lactobacillus spp) to form lactic acid - this maintain the low vaginal pH and inhibits the growth of pathogenic bacteria

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25
Q

do the fimbriae touch the ovary

A

only one does - the great fimbriae

the egg is released into the peritoneal cavity and then gathered up by the fimbriae

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26
Q

what is found in the medulla and cortex of the ovaries

A

neurovascular structures in the medulla and developing follicles in the cortex

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27
Q

what is the name of he dense connective tissue layer that surrounds the ovaries

A

tunica albuginea - covered by germinal epithelium (layer of cuboidal cells)

28
Q

at what positions can the ischial spines be palpated on bimanual examinatio

A

4 and 8 o clock positions

29
Q

what are the fornix of the uterus

A
30
Q

what 2 triangles can the perineum be divided up into

A
31
Q

what is the perineum separated from the pelvic cavity by

A

superiorly by the pelvic floor

32
Q

whta are the anatomical boundaries of the perineum

A
33
Q

what are the surface borders of the perineum

A
34
Q

is the levator ani one muscle?

A

no, it is made up of a number of smaller muscles

35
Q

which nerves supply the levator ani

A

nerve to levator ani (S345 of sacral plexus) and pudendeal nerve

it is under skeletal control

36
Q

what is the perineal body made of

A

irregular fibromuscular mass - point of attachment of muscle fibres from pelvic floor and perineum

37
Q

where is the perineal body located in relation to the UG and anal triangles

A

at the junction

38
Q

how deep does the perineal body lie

A

just deep to the skin

39
Q

what function does the perineal body serve

A

point of attahcment of muscles - maintain pelvic floor strength and prevent prolapse

40
Q

wha structures is the perineal body located between in male and female

A

women - vagina and external anal sphincter

male - bulb of penis and anus

41
Q

what is the function of Bartholin’s gland

A

produces lubrication - erectile tissue

42
Q

what is the mons pubis formed from

A

skin with hair follicles overlying subcutaneous fat pad

43
Q
A
44
Q

whichb bony structure does the mons pubic overly

A

pubic symphysis

45
Q

which sweat glands are present in the perineum

A

apocrine and sebaceous

46
Q

compare the structure of the labia majora and minora

A

majora is an extension of the mons pubis, has glands, some smooth muscle, skinm subcut fat etc

minora has no subcutaenous fat or hair follicles - rich in vasculature and sebaceous glands

47
Q

what is the erectile vascular tissue in teh clitoris called

A

corpora cavernosa

48
Q

what two openings are found in the vaginal vestibular

A

vaginal orifice and external urethral meatus

49
Q

describe the surface anatomy of the breast - where does it extend to and from horizontally, which muscles is it superficial to

A

located on ant thoracic wall

extend horizontally from lateral border of sternum to mid axillary line

superficail to pec major and serratus anterior

50
Q

what are nipples made of

A

mainly smooth muscle fibres

51
Q

what are the mammary glands and what are they drained by

A

ducts and secretory lobules (in pregnancy)

drained by lactiferous ducts

52
Q

which ribs does the breast extend between

A

2 and 6

53
Q

name the 4 quadrants of the bresat

A

upper/lower outer/inner

54
Q

which position should a female stand in when examinig breast

A

inspect:

  • arms by sides
  • hands on hips - tense pec major
  • arms above head and then lean forward

palpate with pt at 45 degree angle and arms above head

55
Q

outline the lymphatic drainage of the breast

A

75% axillary, 20% parasternal and 5% pos intercostal nodes

56
Q

where does lymph from the parasternal nodes drain

A

supraclavicular nodes

57
Q

can lymph from the breast drain to the abdominal lymph nodes?

A

yes

58
Q

why can axillary node clearance result in lymphoedema

A

upper limb lymph also drains to axillary nodes

59
Q

what are the 3 levels of axillary node clearance

A

1 - inferior and lateral to pec minor

2 - under pec minor

3 - superior and medial to pec minor

60
Q

what is the significance of the uterine tubes oepning into the peritoneal cavity

A

spread of infection

eg PID can cause peritonitis

ectopic pregnancy could develop in peritoneal cavity

61
Q
A
62
Q
A
63
Q

where does the ovarian artery arise from

A

abdominal aorta at L2

64
Q

where do the ovarian (gonadal) veins drain to

A

right - IVC

left - left renal vein - IVC

65
Q
A

RB Y3 3 Reproduction & Sexual Health (21 decks)

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