Anatomy of chest wall and mechanics of breathing Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Anatomy of chest wall and mechanics of breathing Deck (28)
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1
Q

Boyle’s Law

A

The pressure exerted by a gas is inversely proportional to the volume

2
Q

Do gases move from low to high or high to low pressure?

A

High to low

3
Q

What 3 structures bind the lower respiratory tract?

A

Ribs, Spine and diaphragm

4
Q

What lines the lungs and interior thorax?

A

Pleural membranes

5
Q

What kind of fluid fills the pleural sac?

A

Intra pleural fluid

6
Q

What are the 2 types of pleural membranes (pleura)?

A

Parietal and visceral

7
Q

What causes the lungs to “stick” to the rib cage?

A

The pleural membranes

8
Q

Pleurisy

A

Inflammation of pleura

9
Q

Pneumothorax

A

The abnormal collection of air in the pleural space that causes an uncoupling of the lung from the chest wall

10
Q

Is intra pleural pressure positive or negative in comparison to atmospheric pressure?

A

Negative

Sub atmospheric

11
Q

Due to elastic recoil state what direction the ribs and lungs want to go

A

Ribs - want to pull chest outwards

Lungs - want to pull inwards

12
Q

What is the name of the force which sticks the ribs and lungs together

A

Cohesive force

13
Q

Muscles used for inspiration (4)

A

External intercostals
diaphragm
sternocleidomastoids
Scalenes

14
Q

What muscles does expiration use 1- at rest and 2 - during severe respiratory load?

A

1 - None

2 - Internal intercostals and abdominal muscles

15
Q

State of diaphragm at rest

A

Relaxed after expiration and before inspiration

16
Q

State of diaphragm during inspiration

A

Contracted as thoracic volume increases as the diaphragm collapses

17
Q

State of diaphragm during expiration

A

Relaxed as the diaphragm rises and thoracic volume decreases

18
Q

Intercostals - pump handle explanation

A

Anterior-posterior dimension
Vertebrae->rib->sternum
Rub moves up to increases protrusion from anterior

19
Q

Intercostals - Bucket handle explanation

A

Lateral dimension to make the chest wider

20
Q

What is asthma?

A

Over reactive constriction of bronchial smooth muscle which therefore increases the resistance making expiration difficult

21
Q

What forces are airways pulled open by?

A

Physical forces of inspiration

22
Q

What forces are airways compressed by?

A

Physical forces of expiration

23
Q

What happens to the lung in pneumothorax? Why?

A

The sealed pleural cavity is opened causing air to flow in from high atmospheric pressure to the lower intrapleural pressure and do the lung collapses to the un stretched size as it uncouples from the chest wall

24
Q

Alveolar pressure (PA)

A

Pressure in the lungs which may be positive or negative

25
Q

Intrapleural pressure (Pip)

A

Pressure in pleural cavity

Always negative relative to atmosphere

26
Q

Transpulmonary pressure (PT)

A

PT=PA-Pip
Always positive
Pressure difference across lungs

27
Q

Alveolar pressure => subatmospheric

A

Air in

28
Q

Alveolar pressure => above atmospheric

A

Air out