Anatomy of blood vessels Flashcards Preview

S2 Bio 109 A&P 2 > Anatomy of blood vessels > Flashcards

Flashcards in Anatomy of blood vessels Deck (28)
Loading flashcards...
1
Q

Blood vessel facts

A
  • named mor either the specific part of the body they supply or an area surrounding that specific part
  • veins and arteries generally share the same name (exceptions include sap heinous vein, vena cava, aorta)
2
Q

Artery

Vein

A

A: A vessel that carries blood away from the heart

V: A vessel that carries blood toward the heart

3
Q

Arteries

A
  • elastic arteries: large number of collagen and elastin filaments in the tunica media, which gives it the ability to stretch in response to each pulse
  • muscular arteries: medium-sized artery that draws blood from an elastic artery and branch into resistance vessels
  • arteriales: small branch of an artery leading into capillaries
  • metarteriole: short vessels that directly connect the arterioles and venules at opposite ends of the beds
4
Q

Capillaries

A
  • true: branch from arterioles and provide exchange between tissue and
  • continuous: endothelial cells provide an uninterrupted lining, and they only allow smaller molecules, such as water and ions to pass though their intercellular clefts (BBB)
  • fenestrated: found in tissues where there is extensive molecular exchange with the blood such as the kidney, endocrine glands, small intestine. Pores that allow larger molecules through
  • sinusoid: wide diameter and found in spleen, lymph nodes, bone marrow. Can be any of the 3 cap types above
5
Q

Veins

A
  • venules: a very small vein, esp one collecting blood from the capillaries
  • vessels tha carry blood toward the heart
  • veins have thinner walls with less smooth muscle than arteries
  • venous vessels increase in size as blood returns to the heart
    Venules>small veins>medium veins>large veins>vena cava
  • larger veins below the heart have valves to prevent backflow
  • pooling and clotting in veins can be a problem during prolonged mm inactivity, such as on a long airline flight
6
Q

Tunica intima

A
  1. Endothelium: in contact with blood and continuous with the endocardium lining of the heart
  2. Basement membrane
  3. Internal elastic lamina
7
Q

Tunica media

A
  • muscular and connective tissue layer that helps regulate diameter of the lumen
  • contains Nervi vasorum and vaso vasorum
  • arteries and veins only
8
Q

Tunica externa

A

Helps anchor the vessels to surrounding tissue

9
Q

Pic

A

Pic

10
Q

Arteries

A
  • the walls are thick, primarily from smooth muscle
  • regulate blood pressure and shunt blood flow to where it is needed most
  • the smooth muscle of arteries regulates blood pressure, distribution, and volume
  • help propel blood onward while the ventricles are relaxing
  • *main transporters of oxygenated blood
11
Q

Arterioles

A
  • the smallest arteries
  • carry blood from arteries to capillaries and regulate blood flow to specific capillary beds
  • contain smooth muscle and can regulate blood flow
  • *diameter is adjusted to regulate blood flow
12
Q

Capillaries

A
  • blood flow through capillaries is call microcirculation
  • thin walls allow for effective exchange of material between plasma and interstitial fluid
  • most important vessels functionally because they allow the delivery and collection of substances
  • exchange of oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, and waste materials occur here (the other vessels are merely channels for the passage of blood)
  • the body does not have a sufficient volume of blood for all capillary beds to be open at once
  • capillaries do not contain smooth muscle, precapillary sphincters in arterioles serve to control blood flow into capillaries
  • *diffusion occurs across thin walls
13
Q

Pic

A

Pic

14
Q

Pic

A

Pic

15
Q

Venules

A

Small blood vessels that collect blood from capillaries and join together to form veins

16
Q

Varicose veins

A

Pooling of blood in veins causes

  • loss of elasticity in the walls of the veins
  • chronic high venous blood pressure
  • loss of strength in valves
  • decreased muscular pump
17
Q

Clots

A
  • a clot (thrombus) can block circulation
  • if the clot breaks loose it will move though the circulatory system (embolus)
  • once an am plus moves through the heart it will encounter smaller vessels and can become lodged in a capillary bed somewhere in the body
  • if the embolus blocks pulmonary capillaries it is called pulmonary embolism
  • an embolism in the brain is a stroke/cerebrovascular accident (CVA)
18
Q

Deep vein thrombosis

A

Clot that has formed in a deep vein, and is very dangerous

19
Q

Circulatory routes

A
  • three vessel networks or major circulatory routes for the blood
    1. Systemic circulation: carries blood from the heart to the body and back again
    2. Pulmonary circulation: carries blood from the heart to the lungs and back again
    3. Hepatic portal circulation: carries blood through the hepatic portal vein of the liver
20
Q

Pic

A

Pic

21
Q

Systemic circulation

A
  • closed-loop system (heart is pump)
  • the right side of the heart receives deoxygenated blood from the body
  • capillaries > venules > veins > vena cava
  • the left side of the heart pumps oxygenated blood to the body
  • aorta > arteries > arterioles > capillaries
  • includes most of the vessels of the body
22
Q

Systemic arteries

A
  • the aorta is the main systemic artery, serving as a trunk from which all other arteries branch
  • ascending aorta conducts blood upward out of the L ventricle
  • the coronary arteries are branches of the ascending aorta
  • descending aorta conducts blood downward from the arch of the aorta
  • thoracic and abdominal aorta
23
Q

Pic

A

Pic

24
Q

Pic

A

Pic

25
Q

Pic

A

Pic

26
Q

Systemic veins

A
  • venous blood from the head, neck, UE, and thoracic cavity (except lungs) drains into the superior vena cava
  • venous blood from the LE and abdomen drains into the inferior vena cava
27
Q

Pulmonary circulation

A
  • a closed-loop system with the heart as the pump
  • pulmonary arteries carry deoxygenated blood from from the heart to the lungs
  • pulmonary veins carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart
28
Q

Hepatic portal circulation

A
  • portal: venous blood flows through a second capillary network before returning to the heart
  • veins from the spleen, stomach, pancreas, gallbladder and intestines send blood to the liver by means of the hepatic portal vein
  • liver stores glucose as glycogen after meal (aids in homeostasis of blood glucose levels)
  • liver filters toxins prior to returning blood to systemic circulation
  • blood mingles with capillary blood and is then drained from the liver by the hepatic veins (goes into the inferior vena cava)