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Dermatology > Anatomy > Flashcards

Flashcards in Anatomy Deck (24)
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1
Q

What is superficial fascia composed of?

A

Loose connective tissue & fat

2
Q

What is deep fascia composed of?

A

Tough, dense connective tissue

3
Q

What is the main function of deep fascia?

A

Intermuscular fascia creates compartments separating areas of muscle. The tough septa do not stretch easily when the muscles move so during movement the muscles will compress veins instead and aid venus return

4
Q

Describe the arterial supply of the upper limb.

A

Subclavian > axillary > brachial > ulnar & radial

ulnar > superficial palmer arch > radial

radial > deep palmer arch > ulnar

5
Q

Describe the venous drainage of the upper limb.

A

Subclavian > cephalic & axillary

axillary > venae comitantes & basilic

cephalic – median cubital vein – basilic

6
Q

What artery doe the venae comitantes of the upper limb follow?

A

Brachial

7
Q

Describe the arterial supply of the lower limb.

A

Femoral > profunda femoris

Femoral = popliteal > anterior & posterior tibial

Anterior tibial > dorsalis pedis & acruate artery

Posterior tibial > fibular & medial plantar

Posterior tibial = lateral planter = planter arch

8
Q

Describe the venous drainage of the lower limb.

A

Femoral = popliteal = small saphenous

Great saphenous

9
Q

Describe how the origins of the saphenous veins differ

A

Small saphenous - from the dorsal venous arch behind the lateral malleolus

Great saphenous - from the dorsal venous arch in front of the medial malleolus

10
Q

Describe the paths of the great & small saphenous veins respectively

A

Great - dorsal venous arch > medial aspect of the limb > drains into femoral

Small - dorsal venous arch > posterior midline of the limb > drains into popliteal

11
Q

What are perforating veins?

A

Veins which connect superficial veins to deep veins

12
Q

How do varicose veins arise?

A

From incompetent venous valves allowing blood to flow back into superficial veins from deep veins

13
Q

What are end arteries? Give an example of an end artery

A

End arteries are arteries which are solely responsible for the blood supply to one given area. E.g - digital arteries

14
Q

What happens when an end artery is occluded? How may this be caused by doctors?

A

Infarction of the area. Giving adrenaline containing local anaesthetic near an end artery may cause infarction

15
Q

List the pulse points of the upper & lower limb

A

Upper - brachial & radial

Lower - femoral, popliteal, posterior tibial & dorsalis pedia

16
Q

What is ischaemia?

A

Inadequate oxygenation of tissues due to an interruption of blood supply (can be caused by either arteries or veins in cases of increased venous pressure)

17
Q

Skin ulceration of the lower limb occurs when there is interrupted blood supply in the superficial veins/venules . T/F

A

True - when the blood supply is interrupted in the deep veins it usually causes DVT

18
Q

Describe the pathogenesis of a leg ulcer.

A

Increased venous pressure > damaged blood vessels in the skin > dry, itchy & inflamed skin > poor blood supply leads to poor healing > tissues break down

19
Q

What is the most common area of venous leg ulcers?

A

Gaitor area (medial aspect of the distal leg)

20
Q

Lymphatics in the limbs generally follow the path of the arteries. T/F

A

False - they usually follow the path of the veins

21
Q

Where do popliteal lymph nodes drain to?

A

Superficial & deep inguinal nodes

22
Q

Which nodes does lymph drain to when draining from the hand?

A

Cubital (then axillary)

23
Q

What is the standard method of removing small skin lesions?

A

Elliptical incision

24
Q

What is the name given to the lines of skin tension? Why are the relevant?

A

Langer lines. Making perpendicular incisions to these lines decreases wound reopening