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Arrhythmia recignition > Anatomy > Flashcards

Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Ventricles are on the ____ of the heart.

A

Bottom

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2
Q

The atria empty into the corresponding______

A

Ventricles

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3
Q

The left ventricle provides for __________ circulation

A

Peripheral (body)

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4
Q

The right ventricle provides for _______ circulation

A

Pulmonary (lungs)

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5
Q

Describe the blood flow from Right atrium onward.

A

Right atrium> right ventricle> pulmonary artery> pulmonary circulation> left atrium> left ventricle> aorta> peripheral circulation> right atrium.

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6
Q

What is passive pumping?

A

The constant pressure of a distended arterial system wAnting to return to normal.

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7
Q

What is active pumping?

A

The actual pumping of the heart. Stroke volume, cardiac output

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8
Q

Cardiac Output=

A

Stroke volume x heart rate

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9
Q

A low stroke volume will lead to a _____ heart rate

A

Higher

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10
Q

What happens to the atria at late systole?

A

Atria are full, ventricles are empty

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11
Q

What happens during early diastole?

A

AV Valves open, blood goes to the ventricles

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12
Q

What happens during mid diastole?

A

The ventricles are full, atrial contraction forces the ventricles to distend, maximizing cardiac output.

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13
Q

A fast heart rate leads to ______ cardiac output, why?

A

Decreased

The ventricles don’t have time to adequately fill or overfill to produce a decent contraction.

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14
Q

The AV Septum is a _______________ wall between the atria and the ventricles.

A

Non conductive

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15
Q

What is the function of the AV Septum in regard to electrical impulse?

A

Stops conduction before it reaches the ventricles.

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16
Q

What does the AV Node do?

A

It slows the atrial impulse down until the ventricles are ready to receive it, before opening and passing the impulse to stimulate the ventricles.

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17
Q

What is the slowing of the impulse at the AV Node called?

A

Physiologic blocking

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18
Q

How are the atrial myocytes innervated?

A

Direct cell to cell contact

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19
Q

Where is the Purkinje System located?

A

It encircles the ventricles and is the final component of the impulse system

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20
Q

Atrium are on the____ of the heart.

A

Top

21
Q

What does the pacemaker of the heart do?

A

Determines the rate at which the heart will cycle through its pumping action. Creates an organized beating of all cardiac cells in a specialized sequence to produce effective pumping.

22
Q

During excersize, the pace of the heart will____

A

Speed up

23
Q

The main pacemaker of the heart is the_______ and is it located in the muscle of _______

A

SA Node. Located in the muscle of the right atrium.

24
Q

What is the pacemaker of the heart controlled by?

A

Information from the nervous, circulatory and endocrine systems.

25
Q

The main pacemaker of the heart paces at 60-100 BOM with an average of:

A

70 BPM

26
Q

The fastest pacemaker of the heart is the:

A

SA node, then the AV node and so on

27
Q

The fastest pacemaker sets the pace so all the slower ones can reset with each beat, what happens if the fastest pacer fails?

A

The next fastest will take over to try and return pacing to as normal as possible as quickly as possible.

28
Q

What does SA node stand for?

A

Sinoatrial node

29
Q

Where does the SA node get its blood supply in 59% of cases?

A

Right coronary artery

30
Q

Where does the SA node get its blood supply in 38% of cases?

A

Left coronary artery

31
Q

In the last 3% of cases where does the SA node get its blood supply?

A

Both coronary arteries.

32
Q

Where exactly is the SA Node?

A

Muscle of the right atrium at its junction with the superior vena cava.

33
Q

What are the three main internodal pathways?

A

Anterior, middle, posterior

34
Q

What is the additional (fourth) internodal pathway?

A

Bachmans bundle which transmits impulses through the inter atrial septum

35
Q

What is the function of the internodal pathways?

A

To transmit impulses through from SA to AV node.

36
Q

Where are all of the internodal pathways found?

A

In the walls of the right atrium and inter atrial septum

37
Q

Where is the AV node located?

A

Wall of R.A next to the opening of the coronary sinus, and septal leaflet of tricuspid valve.

38
Q

Where does the Bundle of His start?

A

At the AV node

39
Q

Where does the Bundle of His end?

A

The R and L bundle branches

40
Q

The only route of communication between the atria and the ventricles is the_______.

A

Bundle of His

41
Q

The left bundle branch starts at the bundle of His, and goes to the_______

A

Interventricular septum

42
Q

The L.B.B is the first area to depolarize. True or false.

A

True

43
Q

The R.B.B starts at the________ and ends at the ________.

A

Bundle of His

Purkinje fibres

44
Q

The left anterior fascicle travels through the R.V to the Purkinje fibres. True or false?

A

True

45
Q

The left anterior fascicle is single stranded, true or false.

A

True

46
Q

The left posterior fascicle is single stranded, true or false.

A

False, it’s fan shaped and harder to block because it is multi stranded.

47
Q

What is the Purkinje system made of?

A

Cells beneath the endocardium

48
Q

What are the 4 arrythmogenic zones?

A

1) SA node (sinus)
2) atrial
3) AV node (nodal)
4) ventricular

Arrhythmia recignition (1 decks)

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