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Flashcards in Anatomical Systems Deck (25)
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1
Q

Your patient demonstrates an area of diminished to absent sensation and parasthesia over the lateral aspect of the right thigh.
hypotheses?

A

Either there is an issue with L2 or the peripheral nerve

2
Q

Tendon reflexes

A

stretch receptors send afferent impulse and then it synapses on the motor nerve that connects to the m.

3
Q

What nerve pathways do reflex tests test?

A

afferent n. leaving the m. from stretch receptors, spinal cord, and efferent m. n.

4
Q

What do myotome tests investigate?

A

How a weakness in one muscle can indicate a problem with which nerve

5
Q

ex. myotome test for weak triceps

A

If a peripheral n. (radial n.) problem, weak triceps

If it’s the spinal segment, test the dermatome at C7

6
Q

What connects myotome and dermatome info for each spinal segment?

A

A spinal n. will have a prescribed sensory distribution on the skin and a group of m. it contributes axons to

7
Q

Reasons for m. impairment

A
spinal or peripheral n. involvement
CNS function (central inhibition in CNS won't let you contract m. b/c of too much pain)
disuse
injury/mechanical stress
disease
ischemia (cramping and claudication)
8
Q

What are myotomes?

A

peripheral n. muscle innervations

9
Q

Explain myotome testing

A

looking for m. weakness predominantly innervated by specific spinal n.
use isometric testing

10
Q

What are clinical signs of m. impairment?

A

decrease control
m. atrophy
pain

11
Q

myotomes for shoulder shrug?

A

C2, C3, C4

12
Q

myotomes for shoulder abduction

A

C5

13
Q

myotomes for elbow flexion?

A

C6

14
Q

myotomes for elbow extension?

A

C7

15
Q

myotomes for thumb extension?

A

C8

16
Q

myotomes for finger abduction?

A

T1

17
Q

myotomes for hip flexion?

A

L1 and L2

18
Q

myotomes for knee extension?

A

L3 and L4

19
Q

myotomes for dorsiflexion?

A

L4 and L5

20
Q

myotomes for great toe extension?

A

L5

21
Q

myotomes for plantarflexion?

A

S1

22
Q

When would a reflex become exaggerated?

A

CNS/upper motor n. cannot put inhibition around reflex

23
Q

What would cause a diminished reflex?

A

NS/lower motor n. problem b/c the axons could not send their signal down

24
Q

What is a two point discrimination test?

A

The two-point discrimination test is used to assess if the patient is able to identify two close points on a small area of skin, and how fine the ability to discriminate this are

25
Q

What does a two point discrimination test measure?

A

tactile agnosia, or the inability to recognize these two points despite intact cutaneous sensation and proprioception