Anatomic Basis of Clinical Testing Pt. 2 (9/5c) Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Anatomic Basis of Clinical Testing Pt. 2 (9/5c) Deck (29)
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1
Q

Reflex

A

Tests the afferent (spinal cord) and efferent (muscle) areas

2
Q

CNS/PNS Neurons

A

CNS = upper motor neurons

PNS = lower motor neurons

3
Q

Reflex - CNS Role

A

should normally put a slight inhibition on the reflex so the motion isn’t exaggerated

4
Q

Reflex - PNS Role

A

innervates muscle by relaying sensation to the motor neuron

if not operating correctly, there would be reduced response

5
Q

Pattern recognition - Dermatomes

A

peripheral nerve sensory distribution

6
Q

Pattern recognition - Myotomes

A

peripheral nerve muscle innervations

7
Q

Clinical testing of myotomes - Weakness

A

Looking for
1) weakness in muscles predominantly innervated by specific spinal nerves

2) pattern of weakness representative of a specific spinal nerve

8
Q

Myotomes Chart - Shoulder Shrug

A

C2 , C3, C4

9
Q

Myotomes Chart - Shoulder abduction

A

C5

10
Q

Myotomes Chart - Elbow flexion

A

C6

11
Q

Myotomes Chart - Wrist extension

A

C6

12
Q

Myotomes Chart - Elbow extension

A

C7

13
Q

Myotomes Chart - Thumb extension

A

C8

14
Q

Myotomes Chart - Finger abduction

A

T1

15
Q

Myotomes Chart - Hip flexion

A

L1 , L2

16
Q

Myotomes Chart - Knee extension

A

L3 , L4

17
Q

Myotomes Chart - Dorsiflexion

A

L4 , L5

18
Q

Myotomes Chart - Great toe extension

A

L5

19
Q

Myotomes Chart - Plantarflexion

A

S1

20
Q

Muscle Impairment - Reasons

A

Peripheral nerve involvement → Spinal, Peripheral

CNS function → Motor control, Central inhibition

Disuse

Injury/mechanical stresses

Disease

Ischemia

21
Q

Central inhibition

A

active nervous process arising in the CNS and leading to the suppression/prevention of excitation

22
Q

Muscle Impairment - Clinical Signs

A

Weakness

Decreased control

Muscle atrophy

Pain/tenderness/cramping

23
Q

Muscle Impairment - Clinical Assessment

A

Sensory Testing

Muscle Testing

24
Q

Sensory testing (muscle impairment)

A

Looking for:

dermatomal distribution of symptoms

peripheral nerve cutaneous distribution of symptoms

other patterns (like stroke)

25
Q

Muscle testing (muscle impairment)

A

Looking for:

myotomal pattern of weakness

weakness associated with a peripheral nerve

weakness NOT representative of a neurologic pattern

26
Q

Symptoms of peripheral circulatory impairment

A

Changes in skin color quality

Pain (ischemic/general)

Swelling

Absent or decreased pulse

27
Q

Digestive system

A

Alimentary canal/nutrition

Referred pain → often experience pain in other seemingly unrelated areas

(EX: pain down the arm, pain around scapula, etc)

28
Q

2 Point Discrimination

A

the ability to discern that two nearby objects touching the skin are truly two distinct points, not one

usually used with a sharp item during a neuro exam

29
Q

Barognosis

A

ability to evaluate the weight of objects by holding/lifting them