Analgesic Drug Information Flashcards

1
Q

Codeine Sulfate

A

Used as a cough suppressant more often than for analgesic purposes

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2
Q

Fentanyl (Duragesic, Oralet, Actiq)

A

Class: Opioid analgesic

Dosage: Start with lowest effective dose; IV/IM (50-100mcg); Duragesic (12.5-200mcg/hour every 72 hours); Oralet and Actiq (200mcg)

Indications: General anesthesia, sedation, moderate/severe pain relief, chronic pain relief

Route: IV, Transdermal, PO

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3
Q

Hyrdomorphone (Dilaudid)

A

Class: Opioid analgesic

Dosage: IV/IM (0.25-1mg every 4-6 hours prn); Oral (2-4mg PO every 6 hours prn)

Indications: Seven times more potent than morphine

Route: IV

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4
Q

Morphine Sulfate (MSIR, Roxanol)

A

Class: Opiate analgesic, opium alkaloid

Dosage: PO (10-30mg every 4 hours prn); IV/IM/Subcut (2.5-10mg every 2-6 hours prn)

Indications: Opioid analgesia

Route: IV

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5
Q

Oxycodone

A

Class: Synthetic opioid

Dosage: PO (5-20mg every 4-6 hours prn)

Indications: Relief of moderate to severe pain

Route: PO

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6
Q

Naloxone Hydrochloride (Narcan)

A

Class: Opioid antagonist

Dosage: IV (0.4-2mg)

Indications: Treatment of opioid overdose, post-operative anesthesia reversal

Route: IV

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7
Q

Aceteminophen (Tylenol, others)

A

Class: Nonopioid analgesic, antipyretic

Dosage: PO/PR (325-650mg every 4-6 hours, do not exceed 3-4g/day)

Indications: Relief of mild to moderate pain

Route: PO

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8
Q

Opioid-Induced Adverse Effects by Body System

A
CNS depression that leads to RESPIRATORY DEPRESSION
Nausea and vomiting
Urinary retention
Diaphoresis and flushing
Miosis
Constipation (long-term use)
Itching
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9
Q

Opioid Adjuvant Drugs

A

NSAIDs (inflammation)
Antidepressants (chronic pain)
Anticonvulsants (neuropathic pain)
Corticosteroids (antiinflammatory)

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10
Q

Opioid Indications

A
Moderate to severe pain
Cough center suppression
Treatment of diarrhea
Balanced anesthesia
Chest pain
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11
Q

Opioid Contraindications

A
Known drug allergy
Severe asthma (lead to respiratory depression)
Respiratory insufficiency
Elevated intracranial pressure
Morbid obesity/sleep apnea
Paralytic ileus
Pregnancy
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12
Q

Opioid Withdrawal Signs and Symptoms

A
Anxiety
Irritability
Chills and hot flashes
Joint pain
Lacrimation
Rhinorrhea
Diaphoresis
Nausea/vomiting
Abdominal cramps
Diarrhea
Confusion
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13
Q

Negative Opioid Interactions

A
Alcohol
Antihistamines
Barbiturates
Benzodiazepines
Monoamine oxidase inhibitors
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14
Q

Indications for Acetaminophen

A

Mild to moderate pain
Fever
Alternative for those who cannot take aspirin (children under 12)

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15
Q

Acetaminophen Maximum Dosage

A

3000mg/day for healthy adults

2000mg/day for elderly or those with liver disease

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16
Q

Acetaminophen Contraindications/Interactions

A

Drug allergy
Liver dysfunction
Possible liver failure
G6PD deficiency

17
Q

Acetaminophen Toxicity

A

Long-term use or overdose can lead to hepatotoxicity and nephropathy

Antidote is acetylcysteine regimen

18
Q

Nursing Implications

A

Perform a thorough history regarding allergies and other medications
Obtain baseline vital signs
Perform a pain assessment
Medicate BEFORE THE PAIN BECOMES SEVERE
Use other interventions
Oral forms should be taken with food
Respiratory rate should be more than 10-12 breaths/min