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Flashcards in Anaesthetics Deck (20)
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1
Q

When is an oropharyngeal airway useful? What are its advantaged?

A

Short procedures
Most often as a bridge to a definitive airway
Easy to insert
No paralysis required

2
Q

When is a laryngeal mask airway used? What are its advantages?

A

Day surgery
Easy to insert
Usually no paralysis required

3
Q

When is a tracheostomy done? What are its advantages?

A

Slow weaning of airway
ITU
Reduces work of breathing and dead space

4
Q

When is an endotracheal tube used? What are its advantages?

A

Long/short -term ventilation

Provides optimal control of airway

5
Q

List the main IV anaesthetic agents used

A

Propofol
Sodium thiopentone
Ketamine
Etomidate

6
Q

Which IV anaesthetic has anti-emetic property?

A

Propofol

7
Q

Which IV anaesthetic can come with a “hangover” effect due to build up of metabolites?

A

Sodium thiopentone

8
Q

Which IV anaesthetic has the greatest analgesic effect?

A

Ketamine

9
Q

List the main inhalational anaesthetic agents used

A

Halothane
Isoflurane
Sevoflurane

10
Q

Which inhalational anaesthetic carries a risk of hepatotoxicity?

A

Halothane

11
Q

List colour of cannulae from largest to smallest flow rate (biggest to smallest)

A
Orange (14G)
Grey (16G)
Green (18G)
Pink (20G)
Blue (22G)
12
Q

What is malignant hyperthermia?

A

Hyperpyrexia and muscle rigidity seen following administration of anaesthetics

13
Q

What is the pathophysiology of malignant hyperthermia?

A

Excess release of Ca from SR of skeletal muscle

14
Q

Which drug is given to counteract malignant hyperthermia?

A

Dantrolene

15
Q

List the main muscle relaxants (NM blockers) used

A

Suxamethonium
Vecuronium
Atracurium
Pancuronium

16
Q

Which muscle relaxant is depolarising and which are non-depolarising?

A

Depolarising: suxamethonium

Non-polarising: vecuronium, atracurium, pancuronium

17
Q

Which muscle relaxant has the fastest onset and shortest duration of action?

A

Suxamethonium

18
Q

When are nasopharyngeal airways appropriate/well-tolerated?

A

Low GCS
Seizures
NOT in base of skull fracture

19
Q

List early (0-5 days) causes of post-op pyrexia

A
Blood transfusion
Cellulitis
Urinary tract infection
Physiological
Pulmonary atelectasis
20
Q

List late (after 5 days) of post-op pyrexia

A

Venous thromboembolism
Pneumonia
Wound infection
Anastomotic leak