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Flashcards in American Academy of Forensic Sciences Deck (24)
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1
Q

when was the American Academy of Forensic Sciences established?

A

-1948

2
Q

criminalistics

A
  • recognition, identification, individualization, and evaluation of physical evidence
  • run and interpret lab results like DNA, ballistics, fingerprints, chemical analysis, trace, etc.
3
Q

pathology/biology

A
  • application of the principles of pathology and of medicine in general to the legal needs of society
  • examples include a medical examiner or an entomologist
4
Q

toxicologists

A

-forensic toxicologists ask did prescription or illegal drugs and/or alcohol and/or other toxic substances or poisons contribute to the person’s death or to their crime?

5
Q

tox

A

study of harmful effects or chemicals or drugs on living systems

6
Q

odontology

A
  • the application of dental science to medicolegal problems
  • human ID
  • bitemark analysis
7
Q

how is psychology and behavioral science used in criminal law?

A
  • competency

- assessment of mental illness

8
Q

competency

A
  • competency to stand trial and to testify
  • ability to waive legal representation
  • eligibility of execution
9
Q

assessment of mental illness

A

-as related to diminished responsibility or innocence by reason of mental illness or defect

10
Q

how is psychology and behavioral science used in civil cases?

A
  • involuntary psychiatric hospitalization
  • right to refuse treatment
  • competency to participate in do not recitation decisions
11
Q

jurisprudence

A
  • science of philosophy of law
  • study convictions and case types, analyze the state of evidence, expert testimonies, and the legal system
  • must be a lawyer and pass the BAR exam
12
Q

what are the questions asked with questioned documents?

A
  • who wrote this?
  • is this a true signature?
  • has this document been altered?
  • are there additions and/or erasers?
  • was this pen used to write this?
  • what can this paper type tell me?
13
Q

digital and media services

A

-detection of file deletion, corruption, and alteration, file recovery, etc

14
Q

general section

A
  • newly emerging forensic scientific specialties
  • established areas of forensic science that are not fitting the more narrow definitions or membership requirements of other sections
  • forensic specialties whose numbers are not sufficient to support a separate section
15
Q

forensic scientists

A

-minimum qualification include a bachelor’s degree in a natural science such as biology, chemistry, physics, geology, or a closely related field

16
Q

what are the education requirements of forensic anthropologists?

A
  • minimum of a master’s degree
  • usually a Ph.D.
  • board certification
  • average of 8 years post BA
  • average recipient is 34 years
17
Q

what is the knowledge base of a forensic anthropologist?

A
  • human evolution
  • anatomy and physiology
  • developmental biology
  • biometry and statistics
  • clinical medicine
  • biomechanics
  • archaeology
  • comparative anatomy
18
Q

what are other fields forensic anthropologists can participate in?

A
  • college or university
  • do research
  • consult with a medical examiner or coroner
  • intense competition for jobs
19
Q

role of a forensic anthropologist in a medical examiner or coroner office?

A
  • ID of skeletonized, burned, or fragmented remains
  • may help with trauma analysis
  • usually cross trained to assist with other tasks like autopsies or quality assurance
20
Q

what governmental institutions can forensic anthropologists work for?

A
  • national treasury safety board
  • FBI
  • DMORT
21
Q

JPAC-CIL/DPAA

A
  • largest employer of forensic anthropologists in the US

- unique combination of field and lab work

22
Q

what non-governmental institutions can forensic anthropologists work for?

A
  • often involved in human rights missions
  • ID victims of civil and military conflicts around the world
  • usually not full-time occupations
  • museums - as a curator or manager
  • private consultant/for-profit work
23
Q

what are the professional organizations of forensics?

A
  • American associate of physical anthropologists
  • American academy of forensic sciences
  • international association for identification
  • international association of forensic sciences
24
Q

what are the qualifications to become a board certified forensic anthropologist? (ABFA)

A
  • must be a permanent resident of the US, Canada, or their territories
  • must have a Ph.D. in anthropology with a concentration in biological anthropology
  • 3 years of professional experience
  • must submit sample case reports
  • must document contributions to the discipline
  • must take an oral and practical exam
  • may only take the exam once (if you fail you have to wait 2 years to retake it)