Alcohol Flashcards

1
Q

What is alcohol use disorder?

A

-patients’ drinking causes distress or harm

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2
Q

What is binge drinking?

A

-when BAC is .01 g/dL

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3
Q

Why do people misuse or abuse alcohol

A
  • self medication
  • altered mental state
  • genetics
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4
Q

What are the characteristics of alcohol?

A
  • Small simple molecule
  • Depressant
  • Barbiturate like
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5
Q

What can alcohol do with endorphins/GABA/DA?

A

-Cause a release/increase of endorphins that slows down GABA and cause an increase in DA release

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6
Q

Where is most alcohol absorbed?

A

-Small intestine but distributes everywhere in the body

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7
Q

What does food do for alcohol consumption?

A

-Slows the absorption of alcohol in the system

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8
Q

What can alcohol distribute across?

A
  • Placental barrier

- Breast milk

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9
Q

What is the metabolism of alcohol?

A

-Zero order kinetics (constant rate independent of original concentration/dose)

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10
Q

What is ethanol broken down by?

A

-Alcohol dehydrogenase

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11
Q

What is ethanol broken down into?

A

-Acetaldehyde

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12
Q

Where is most alcohol eliminated?

A
  • Urine

- Breath

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13
Q

What occurs if you have a BAC of 5-100 mg/DL (.05 to .1 %)?

A
  • Sedation

- Slower reaction times

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14
Q

What occurs if you have a BAC of 100-200 mg/dL?

A
  • Impaired motor function

- Slurred speech

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15
Q

T/F Abrupt withdrawal of alcohol can be life threatening

A

True

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16
Q

What does alcohol do for the cardiovascular system?

A
  • Vasodilator
  • Can become increase risk for hypertension and Cardiovascular disease at high chronic doses
  • Increase you HDL cholesterol (good cholesterol)
17
Q

What are the physiological effects of alcohol on the liver?

A
  • Alcohol is metabolized here
  • Fatty liver
  • Cirrhosis
18
Q

What are the physiological effects of alcohol on the kidney’s?

A
  • Diuretic
  • Decrease ADH secretion
  • Increase urine secretion
19
Q

What are the physiological effects of alcohol on the GI tract?

A

-Increase Acid secretion

20
Q

What are the physiological effects of alcohol on the immune system?

A

-Suppress the innate and adaptive

21
Q

What are the pathophysiological effects of alcohol?

A
  • Cancer (increase risk of GI cancer)
  • malnourishment
  • fetal alcohol syndrome
  • hangover
  • tolerance
  • dependence
22
Q

What are the malnourishment effects of alcohol?

A

-Vitamin deficiencies

23
Q

What do you see with a hangover?

A
  • Headache
  • Nausea
  • Dry mouth
24
Q

What drugs can alcohol interact with?

A
  • p450 associated drugs
  • Acetaminophen
  • Phenothiazines
  • Tricyclic antidepressants
  • Sedative hypnotic drugs
  • Vasodilators
25
Q

What are drugs to treat alcoholism?

A
  • Disulfiram
  • Naltrexone
  • Acamprosate
26
Q

What does Disulfiram do?

A

-Inhibits ALDH with resulting increased acetaldehyde after drinking

27
Q

What does Naltrexone do?

A
  • Mu opioid receptor antagonist

- Felt to decrease drinking through decrease feeling of reward with alcohol

28
Q

What does Acamprosate do?

A
  • Weak antagonist of NMDA receptors
  • Activator of GABA a receptors
  • May decrease mild protracted abstinence syndromes with decreased feeling of a need for alcohol
29
Q

What are the dental considerations for pts using alcohol?

A
  • Increased risk for oral diseases such as caries and periodontitis
  • Decreased salivary flow
  • Leukoplakia
  • Inflamed gingiva
  • Increased bleeding time from Vitamin K deficency