AE103 Aerodynamic Fundamentals Flashcards

1
Q

Vector

A

quantity of magnitude and direction

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2
Q

Force

A

push or pull, force = mass x accelerations

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3
Q

Mass

A

quantity of molecular material

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4
Q

Volume

A

amount of space occupied

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5
Q

Density

A

density = mass/volume

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6
Q

Weight

A

weight = mass x gravity

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7
Q

Moment

A

force applied from a distance from a fulcrum

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8
Q

Work

A

when force moves a body

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9
Q

Power

A

power = work/time

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10
Q

Energy

A

capacity to do work

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11
Q

Potential Energy

A

ability of a body to do work because of its position or state of being

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12
Q

Kinetic Energy

A

ability of a body to do work because of its motion

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13
Q

Total Energy

A

sum of potential and kinetic energy

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14
Q

Conservation of Energy

A

the transformation of energy from one form to another

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15
Q

Equilibrium

A

the lack of acceleration in any direction

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16
Q

Newton’s second law,

“Law of Acceleration”

A

An unbalanced force acting upon a body produces an acceleration in the direction of the force that is directly proportional to the force and inversely proportional to the mass of the body.

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17
Q

Acceleration

A

Acceleration = Force/Mass

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18
Q

Newton’s third law,

“Law of Interaction”

A

For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction

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19
Q

Ambient Static Pressure

A

the weight of an air column over a specific area

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20
Q

Air Density

A

The total mass of air particles for a given volume

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21
Q

Temperature

A

the average kinetic energy of air particles

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22
Q

What happens to air density and temperature as altitude increases?

A

both will decrease

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23
Q

What atmospheric properties affect pressure?

A

Pressure = Density x Universal Gas Constant x Temperature (P=pRT)

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24
Q

True Altitude

A

Height above mean sea level (MSL)

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25
Q

Pressure Altitude

A

Height above standard datum place (29.92 inHg)

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26
Q

Density Altitude

A

Pressure altitude corrected for temperature

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27
Q

Indicated Airspeed (IAS)

A

Airspeed read from airspeed indicator (ASI)

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28
Q

Calibrated Airspeed (CAS)

A

IAS corrected for instrument error

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29
Q

Equivalent Airspeed (EAS)

A

CAS corrected for compressibility

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30
Q

True Airspeed (TAS)

A

Speed through an air mass

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31
Q

What is groundspeed?

A

True airspeed corrected for winds

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32
Q

What happens to True AS in a constant Indicated AS climb?

A

True AS increases

33
Q

Wingspan

A

Length from wingtip to wingtip

34
Q

Chordline

A

Infinitely long straight line drawn through the leading and trailing edges of the airfoil.

35
Q

Chord

A

Segment of the chordline running from leading edge to trailing edge of the wing

36
Q

Tip Chord

A

Chord at the wingtip

37
Q

Root Chord

A

Chord at the wing root

38
Q

Average Chord

A

Average of all chords from wing root to wingtip

39
Q

Wing Area

A

Wingspan x Average Chord

40
Q

Taper

A

Reduction of chord from root to tip

41
Q

Sweep Angle

A

Angle between 1/4 chordline and line parallel to the lateral axis

42
Q

Aspect Ratio

A

Wingspan / Average Chord

43
Q

Angle of Incidence

A

Angle between chordline and longitudinal axis

44
Q

Dihedral Angle

A

Upward slope of wing

45
Q

Pitch Attitude

A

Angle between longitudinal axis of an airplane and the horizon

46
Q

Flight Path

A

Path through the air

47
Q

Relative Wind

A

Airflow experienced by aircraft/airfoil

48
Q

Angle of Attack

A

Angle between the chord line of the airfoil and the relative wind.

49
Q

Mean Camber Line (MCL)

A

Line drawn from the leading edge to the trailing edge running halfway between upper and lower surface of an airfoil

50
Q

Positive Camber

A

MCL above the chordline

51
Q

Negative Camber

A

MCL below the chordline

52
Q

Symmetric Airfoil

A

When the MCL and chord line are equal

53
Q

Aerodynamic Center

A

Point on a chordline where changes in aerodynamic forces take place

54
Q

Spanwise Flow

A

Airflow that travels along the span of the wing (root to tip), produces NO lift

55
Q

Chordwise Flow

A

Airflow that travels at a right angle to the leading edge of an airfoil, produces lift

56
Q

What is the relationship of thrust and drag, lift and weight, in level, unaccelerated flight?

A

Thrust equals drag, and lift equals weight (equilibrium)

57
Q

What is the relationship between lift and weight, thrust and drag, during the takeoff ground roll?

A

Weight exceeds lift and thrust exceeds drag

58
Q

What is equal, but opposite to relative wind?

A

Flight path

59
Q

What are the three airplane axes?

A

Longitudinal, Lateral, Vertical

60
Q

What are the motions about the axes?

A

Roll, Pitch, Yaw

61
Q

Ailerons, Elevators, and Rudder manipulate what motions about the three axes?

A

Aileron - Roll
Elevator - Pitch
Rudder - Yaw

62
Q

What is the center of gravity?

A

Point where all weight is concentrated

63
Q

What is the normal relationship between the aerodynamic center and the center of gravity?

A

CG is typically forward of the aerodynamic center

64
Q

What are the results of the CG being too far aft or too far forward?

A

Too far aft: tail heavy

Too far forward: nose heavy (no stall recovery)

65
Q

What are the components of aerodynamic force?

A

Lift and Drag

66
Q

Changing which factor in the lift equation will affect lift the most?
L = ½p V² CL S
Lift = 1/2 Density x Velocity Squared x Coefficient of Lift x Surface Area of Airfoil

A

Velocity

67
Q

How can the pilot change lift?

A

Airfoils, power, AOA, velocity

68
Q

What is the relationship between velocity and angle of attack in level flight?

A

Inverse

69
Q

What factor changes in maintaining level flight at 1,000 feet versus 18,000 feet?

A

TAS increases, decreased density requires increased velocity to produce some amount of lift

70
Q

What is total drag?

A

Parasite drag plus induced drag

71
Q

What are the three types of parasite drag?

A

Form, Friction, Interference

72
Q

Friction parasite drag

A

Turbulent airflow in boundary layer

73
Q

Interference parasite drag

A

Mixing airflows between aircraft components

74
Q

Form parasite drag

A

The difference between static pressures of the leading and trailing edges

75
Q

What effect does lowering the gear have on drag?

A

Increase of parasitic drag

76
Q

What happens to pitch as the gear is lowered

A

The nose pitches down

77
Q

What are the effects on lift and drag when flaps are raised or lowered?

A

Lowering flaps to TO: more lift, little drag

Lowering flaps from TO to LDG: Similar lift as TO, significantly more drag

78
Q

What is induced drag?

A

Drag incurred by producing lift